For the answer to the question above, it is <span>Considered as a cell shaped like a perfect </span>sphere<span>: it has a surface area of 4πr </span>2<span>, and a volume of (4/3)πr </span>3<span>. The surface-to-volume ratio of a </span>sphere<span> is 3/r; as the cell gets bigger, its surface-to-volume ratio decreases, making diffusion less efficient.</span>
To identify, map, and evaluate the underlying biochemical processes of cell signaling, it is essential to visualize cells and cellular structures as well as track and modify nucleic acids and proteins in living cells.
<h3>How cell labeling of mammalian cells done?</h3>
- Mammalian cells can be magnetically labeled by combining ferumoxides or superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) with transfection agents (TAs).
- The effectiveness and survivability of cell labeling with TAs complexed to SPIO have not been systematically compared. This study examines the toxicity and labeling effectiveness of FEs complexed to various TAs in mammalian cells at various doses.
- TAs from several classes, including lipid-based substances, dendrimers, and polycationic amines, were employed.
- TAs at concentrations ranging from 1 to 50 microg/mL in incubation media were used to measure the cellular toxicity. Combining varying doses of TAs with various amounts of FEs allowed researchers to calculate the iron incorporation efficiency.
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Answer:
It enters the citric acid cycle and associates with a 4-carbon molecule, forming citric acid, and then through redox reactions regenerates the 4-carbon molecule.
Explanation:
Acetyl-CoA(2C) associates with oxalacetate(4C) to form citric acid(6C). Then through redox reactions, CO2 molecules result from decarboxylation (COOH becomes R-(R1)CH-R2). And through dehydrogenation H2 molecules are incorporated in NADH+ in FADH2, resulting in the 4-carbon molecule at the beginning (oxalacetate). That's why it's called a cycle(Kreb's cycle or citric acid cycle)
Photosynthesis is a chemical reaction where plants produce gluecose
Taq polymerase enzyme important for efficiency in PCR because it is thermostable polymerases that remain active at high temperatures (90 -95 degree Celsius) a beyond the denaturation temperature of DNA.
PCR :
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a laboratory technique for rapidly amplifying millions to billions of copies of a specific segment of DNA, which can then be used for further research.
Taq polymerase is a DNA polymerase derived from bacteria called Thermus aquaticus, which are naturally thermophilic and is a thermostable polymerases that remain active at temperatures higher than the temperature at which DNA is denatured. This allows PCR to be used on DNA samples without the need to add new DNA polymerases after each cycle.
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