The correct answer is option A.
All the particles carry the same charge, which could be either positive or negative.
All the particles of substance X will have same charge on its surface, which is balanced by the oppositely charged ions in the water.
For example, soap solution (sodium palmitate) dissociates into ions:
C₁₅H₁₁COONa --> C₁₅H₁₁COO⁻ + Na⁺
The cations (Na⁺) passes into the water while the anions (C₁₅H₁₁COO⁻) form aggregates or colloids.
Chlorine because it lacks one valence electron to fill it's outer shell
Answer:
CH₃CH₂CH₂COOH > CH₃CH₂COOH > ClCH₂CH₂COOH > ClCH₂COOH
Explanation:
Electron-withdrawing groups (EWGs) increase acidity by inductive removal of electrons from the carboxyl group.
Electron-donating groups (EDGs) decrease acidity by inductive donation of electrons to the carboxyl group.
- The closer the substituent is to the carboxyl group, the greater is its effect.
- The more substituents, the greater the effect.
- The effect tails off rapidly and is almost zero after about three C-C bonds.
CH₃CH₂-CH₂COOH — EDG — weakest — pKₐ = 4.82
CH₃-CH₂COOH — reference — pKₐ = 4.75
ClCH₂-CH₂COOH — EWG on β-carbon— stronger — pKₐ = 4.00
ClCH₂COOH — EWG on α-carbon — strongest — pKₐ = 2.87
Https://www.google.com/search?q=how+to+solve+fir+atomic+mass+in+chemisty&ie=UTF-8&oe=UTF-8&hl=en-us&client=safari#kpvalbx=1
Here is the link to a great video that explains your question nicely, hope this helps.
Answer:
The larger the number of the energy level, the farther it is from the nucleus. Electrons that are in the highest energy level are called valence electrons. Within each energy level is a volume of space where specific electrons are likely to be located.
