The least electronegative component in the electron transport chain is the Hydrogen ion.
The more electronegative is NAD+
The other component is H2O,
Next are the energy carrier molecules which are the ADP and ATP
And finally, the most electronegative is O2.
Answer:
3.2 × 10⁻⁸
Explanation:
Let's consider the solution of magnesium carbonate.
MgCO₃ ⇄ Mg²⁺(aq) + CO₃²⁻(aq)
We can relate the molar solubility (S) with the solubility product (Ksp) using an ICE chart.
MgCO₃ ⇄ Mg²⁺(aq) + CO₃²⁻(aq)
I 0 0
C +S +S
E S S
The Ksp is:
Ksp = [Mg²⁺] × [CO₃²⁻] = S × S = S² = (1.8 × 10⁻⁴)² = 3.2 × 10⁻⁸
<u>Answer:</u> For the given equation, only iron has the value of 
equal to 0 kJ.
<u>Explanation:</u>
Enthalpy change is defined as the difference in enthalpies of all the product and the reactants each multiplied with their respective number of moles. It is represented as 
The equation used to calculate enthalpy change is of a reaction is:
![\Delta H^o_{rxn}=\sum [n\times \Delta H^o_f(product)]-\sum [n\times \Delta H^o_f(reactant)]](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%5CDelta%20H%5Eo_%7Brxn%7D%3D%5Csum%20%5Bn%5Ctimes%20%5CDelta%20H%5Eo_f%28product%29%5D-%5Csum%20%5Bn%5Ctimes%20%5CDelta%20H%5Eo_f%28reactant%29%5D)
For the given chemical reaction:
The equation for the enthalpy change of the above reaction is:
![\Delta H^o_{rxn}=[(1\times \Delta H^o_f_{(Fe(s))})+(3\times \Delta H^o_f_{(CO_2(g))})]-[(3\times \Delta H^o_f_{(CO(g))})+(2\times \Delta H^o_f_{(Fe_2O_3(s))})]](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%5CDelta%20H%5Eo_%7Brxn%7D%3D%5B%281%5Ctimes%20%5CDelta%20H%5Eo_f_%7B%28Fe%28s%29%29%7D%29%2B%283%5Ctimes%20%5CDelta%20H%5Eo_f_%7B%28CO_2%28g%29%29%7D%29%5D-%5B%283%5Ctimes%20%5CDelta%20H%5Eo_f_%7B%28CO%28g%29%29%7D%29%2B%282%5Ctimes%20%5CDelta%20H%5Eo_f_%7B%28Fe_2O_3%28s%29%29%7D%29%5D)
The enthalpy of formation for the substances present in their elemental state is taken as 0.
Here, iron is present in its elemental state which is solid.
Hence, for the given equation, only iron has the value of equal to 0 kJ.
We write DE = q+w, where DE is the internal energy change and q and w are heat and work, respectively.
(b)Under what conditions will the quantities q and w be negative numbers?
q is negative when heat flows from the system to the surroundings, and w is negative when the system does work on the surroundings.
As an aside: In applying the first law, do we need to measure the internal energy of a system? Explain.
The absolute internal energy of a system cannot be measured, at least in any practical sense. The internal energy encompasses the kinetic energy of all moving particles in the system, including subatomic particles, as well as the electrostatic potential energies between all these particles. We can measure the change in internal energy (DE) as the result of a chemical or physical change, but we cannot determine the absolute internal energy of either the initial or the final state. The first law allows us to calculate the change in internal energy during a transformation by calculating the heat and work exchanged between the system and its surroundings.
