Answer:
allowances; allowances; reducing.
Explanation:
Pollution can be defined as the physical degradation or contamination of the environment through an emission of harmful, poisonous and toxic chemical substances.
Offset trading refers to a type of trading system that is typically designed for the realization of more efficient pollution control.
Additionally, a free market in tradable pollution permits simply means giving manufacturing companies and individuals the legal right to pollution of the environment. For example, ABC company is purchasing the permit of 500 units of carbon dioxide (CO2) pollution annually, this simply means it is permitted to pollute the environment by 500 units of CO2 annually.
Furthermore, a free market in tradable pollution permits has some sort of benefits as companies can resell their unused permits or devise a cheaper means of reducing pollution. It also compensate companies that significantly reduces its pollution of the environment.
Hence, a government could issue allowances or permits to companies, thereby, giving them the permission and authority to emit certain amounts of pollutants. In theory, an increase in the market clearing price of allowances should stimulate the business firms to develop effective and efficient methods of mitigating their emissions of greenhouse gases (pollutants) such as methane, water vapor, carbon dioxide, etc.
Answer:
competition-oriented
Explanation:
Four common approaches to selecting an approximate price level are (1) demand-oriented, (2) cost-oriented, (3) profit-oriented, and (4) competition-oriented approaches
Posting accounts to the post closing trial balance follows the exact
same procedures as preparing the other trial balances. Each account
balance is transferred from the ledger accounts to the trial balance.
All accounts with debit balances are listed on the left column and all
accounts with credit balances are listed on the right column.
The process is the same as the previous trial balances. Now the ledger accounts just have post closing entry totals.
An post closing trial balance is formatted the same as the other trial balances in the accounting cycle displaying in three columns: a column for account names, debits, and credits.
Since only balance sheet accounts are listed on this trial balance,
they are presented in balance sheet order starting with assets,
liabilities, and ending with equity.
As with the unadjusted and adjusted trial balances,
both the debit and credit columns are calculated at the bottom of a
trial balance. If these columns aren’t equal, the trial balance was
prepared incorrectly or the closing entries weren’t transferred to the
ledger accounts accurately.
As with all financial reports,
trial balances are always prepared with a heading. Typically, the
heading consists of three lines containing the company name, name of the
trial balance, and date of the reporting period.
The post closing trial balance is a list of all accounts and their balances after the closing entries
have been journalized and posted to the ledger. In other words, the
post closing trial balance is a list of accounts or permanent accounts
that still have balances after the closing entries have been made.
This accounts list is identical to the accounts presented on the
balance sheet. This makes sense because all of the income statement
accounts have been closed and no longer have a current balance. The
purpose of preparing the post closing trial balance is verify that all
temporary accounts have been closed properly and the total debits and
credits in the accounting system equal after the closing entries have
been made.
Lawyer is a career typically requiring a certificate from a vocational school program.
Answer:
To create the collar, the customer would: <u>buy 1 PHLX 59 SF Call and sell 1 PHLX 61 SF Call.</u>
Explanation:
The meaning of a "collar" is that a put is bought at a strike price that is less than the price of the underlying instrument (this implies that a floor has been put on the price of the instrument); and that a call is disposed at a strike price which is higher than the price of the underlying instrument (this indicates that a ceiling above which the instrument will be called away has been created).
When a collar is put on the price, it indicates that the customer is majorly giving a guarantee for the underlying instrument's minimum and maximum price.
This should make the net cost of the collar to be close to zero due to the fact that the two contracts are "out the money" and also because the premium paid to buy the put is offset by the premium received when the call was sold.
Therefore, since customer in the question wishes to place a collar on the position using PHLX SF FLEX options, he would <u>buy 1 PHLX 59 SF Call and sell 1 PHLX 61 SF Call</u> to create the collar.
