Increasing the number of stomata per unit surface area of a leaf when atmospheric carbon dioxide levels decline is most analogous to a human
B. putting more red blood cells into circulation when atmospheric oxygen levels decline.
<h3>What are stomata?</h3>
The stomata are apertures in the epidermis, each bounded by two guard cells. There are small openings on the lower surface of the leaves. These pores are called stomata. Loss of water from the stomata creates an upward pull, that is suction pull, which helps in the absorption of water from the roots. That is helpful for the transpiration process. They help in exchange for gases. Any of the tiny pores or openings in the epidermis of leaves and young stems are referred to as a stomate, sometimes known as a stoma, the plural of which is stoma or stomas. On the underside of the leaves, stomata tend to be more numerous. They enable the exchange of gases between the atmosphere outside and the leaf's branching network of interconnected air canals.
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Answer:
Hepato- and nephrotoxicity of fluoride have been demonstrated in animals, but few studies have examined potential effects in humans. This population-based study examines the relationship between chronic low-level fluoride exposure and kidney and liver function among United States (U.S.) adolescents. This study aimed to evaluate whether greater fluoride exposure is associated with altered kidney and liver parameters among U.S. youth.
This cross-sectional study utilized data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2013–2016). We analyzed data from 1983 and 1742 adolescents who had plasma and water fluoride measures respectively and did not have kidney disease. Fluoride was measured in plasma and household tap water. Kidney parameters included estimated glomerular filtration rate (calculated by the original Schwartz formula), serum uric acid, and the urinary albumin to creatinine ratio. Liver parameters were assessed in serum and included alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, blood urea nitrogen, gamma-glutamyl transferase, and albumin. Survey-weighted linear regression examined relationships between fluoride exposure and kidney and liver parameters after covariate adjustment. A Holm-Bonferroni correction accounted for multiple comparisons.
The average age of adolescents was 15.4 years. Median water and plasma fluoride concentrations were 0.48 mg/L and 0.33 μmol/L respectively. A 1 μmol/L increase in plasma fluoride was associated with a 10.36 mL/min/1.73 m2 lower estimated glomerular filtration rate (95% CI: −17.50, −3.22; p = 0.05), a 0.29 mg/dL higher serum uric acid concentration (95% CI: 0.09, 0.50; p = 0.05), and a 1.29 mg/dL lower blood urea nitrogen concentration (95%CI: −1.87, −0.70; p < 0.001). A 1 mg/L increase in water fluoride was associated with a 0.93 mg/dL lower blood urea nitrogen concentration (95% CI: −1.44, −0.42; p = 0.007).
Fluoride exposure may contribute to complex changes in kidney and liver related parameters among U.S. adolescents. As the study is cross-sectional, reverse causality cannot be ruled out; therefore, altered kidney and/or liver function may impact bodily fluoride absorption and metabolic processes.
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Answer:
<em>The offspring which carries the allele II will be homozygous dominant.</em>
Explanation:
A dominant trait can be described as a trait which masks the effect of a recessive trait. A recessive trait can be described as a trait which gets masked by the dominant trait.
A homozygous dominant trait occurs when both the alleles for the gen are dominant. A heterozygous dominant trait occurs when one allele is dominant and the other is recessive for the trait.
Hence, a homozygous dominant trait will carry the alleles II.
Answer:
extremly cold water currents..... may the option is c
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Answer:
helps reduce intestinal inflammation by decreasing bacterial interaction with intestinal epithelial cells.
