Answer:
The simultaneous effect of a predator population on a prey population and a prey population on a predator population over time.
Explanation:
The mathematical models of Lotka-Volterra equations explain the existing interaction between species in which prey and predator influence and affect each other. The model follows a few assumptions,
- The ecosystem is isolated and closed. There is no migration.
- The whole individuals are reproductively equivalent.
- In the absence of the predator, prey shows an exponential growth rate. The prey is in the ideal environment.
- When there is no prey, the predator population decreases exponentially because of the lack of food. The predator environment is ideal, but it is limited by prey density.
- The predation rate is proportional to the encounters rate, which also depends on density.
- The predators affect the prey populations, inducing its decrease proportionally to the number of prey and predators present.
- The prey population also influences the predator population proportionally to the number of encounters between the two species.
In these equations, the variable D is the number of predators, and P the number of prey items.
The parameters are always constant:
• r1: prey growth rate.
• a1: predator hunting success.
• r2: predator growth rate.
• a2: the success of the predator in hunting and feeding.
In nature, many factors affect interactions, such as dense-dependent factors and dense-independent factors. Also, in reality, there are stochastic factors. Stochasticity refers to the variability in the system involving those factors that are affecting or influencing population growth. Stochasticity might be related to good years and bad years for population growth.
In real situations, the compliance of the whole assumption does not occur. The previously mentioned constants might vary, constantly changing the interaction between the predator and the prey. These parameters change in different degrees, resulting in varying circumstances for both species.
Answer:
The esophagus is a long tube that connects the mouth to the stomach
Answer:
The correct answer is E the light reaction provide ATP and NADPH to the calvin cycle,and the cycle returns ADP,pi and NADP+ to the light reactions.
Explanation:
The light reaction of photosynthesis occur in the .During light reaction ATP is produced by cyclic photo phosphorylation and NADPH is generated by the reduction of NADP+ during Z scheme.
The ATP and reducing equivalent NADPH that is generated during light reaction is being utilized in the dark reaction.
During dark reaction both utilized ATP and NADPH are converted to ADP,pi and NADP+.These products are used during light reaction.
NADP+ is generated by the oxidation of NADPH and ADP and pi are produced by the hydrolysis of ATP.
Early diagnosis of childhood cancer is often difficult because the signs and symptoms are SIMILAR TO THOSE OF OTHER CHILDHOOD DISEASES.
Doctors generally find it difficult to diagnosis cancer i children because the accompany symptoms for the disease is quite similar to those of other diseases that children experience. Cancer in children usually occur very rapidly and its diagnosis in most cases typically occur at the late stage.
