not sure if this helps but I hope it does
sorry its so long
To date erosion scientists have failed to address — or have addressed inadequately — some of the ‘big questions’ of our discipline. For example, where is erosion occurring? Why is it happening, and who is to blame? How serious is it? Who does it affect? What should be the response? Can we prevent it? What are the costs of erosion? Our inability or reluctance to answer such questions damages our credibility and is based on weaknesses in commonly-used approaches and the spatial and temporal scales at which much research is carried out. We have difficulty in the recognition, description and quantification of erosion, and limited information on the magnitude and frequency of events that cause erosion. In particular there has been a neglect of extreme events which are known to contribute substantially to total erosion. The inadequacy and frequent misuse of existing data leaves us open to the charge of exaggeration of the erosion problem (a la Lomborg).
Models need to be developed for many purposes and at many scales. Existing models have proved to be of limited value, in the real as opposed to the academic world, both because of problems with the reliability of their results, and difficulties (with associated costs) of acquiring suitable data. However, there are some positive signs: models are now being developed for purposes including addressing questions of off-site impacts and land-use policy. Cheap, reliable and technically simple methods of erosion assessment at the field scale are needed. At the global scale, an up-date of GLASOD based on a scientific approach is urgent so that we are at least able to identify erosion ‘hotspots’.
In terms of explanation of erosion, the greatest need is for a full recognition of the importance of socio-economic drivers. The accession of new countries to the EU with different economic and land-use histories emphasises this need. Too often we have left people, especially the farmers, out of the picture. Our approach could be characterised as ‘data-rich and people-poor’.
Answer:
The terms refrigerator mother and refrigerator parents were coined around 1950 as a label for mothers of children diagnosed with autism or schizophrenia. When Leo Kanner first identified autism in 1943, he noted the lack of warmth among the parents of autistic children.
Explanation:
The state of the Songhai empire was one of the largest flourishing states in the African history of the 12th and 13th century. During the reign of Sonni Ali it became very wealthy and he expanded the territory a lot, but later during the rule of Askia the Great the empire could capture and conquer more territories and more wealth. Askia The Great, was a devout Muslim and he did a lot to enforce Muslim practices , by recruiting Muslim scholars from Egypt and Morocco and setting up learning centers throughout the empire.
Question: Which of the following was one way Islam influenced the Songhai empire?
Answer: A. Religious practices were used to create labor specifications.
Constitution is a very long and detailed document . Therefore it needs to be amended quite regularly to keep it updated. The constitution described the institutional amendments in a very legal language. The basic institutional design is not very difficult to understand . Like any constitution Indian constitution lays down a procedure for choosing persons to govern the country. It defines who will have how much power to take decisions. And it puts limits to what government can do by providing some rights,
1/ Tilted
2/ 23.5 degrees, though it varys every 40,000 years
