Hello. This question is incomplete. The full question is:
"Dr. Parrett is a sports psychologist for a large Southern university. The provost and chancellor have asked him to examine the relationship between athletic performance and academic stress at the university. For example, is it the case that the most talented athletes experience the greatest concern over their grades? The provost and chancellor have made it clear to Dr. Parrett that they want a large amount of external validity in the study. He has valid and reliable measures of both athletic performance and academic stress. He knows that he does not have the time or the money to study the entire population of interest.
Imagine that Dr. Parrett wants to use a nonrepresentative sampling technique. Name the three types of nonprobability sampling and explain how each one could be used by Dr. Parrett."
Answer:
The four types of nonprobability sampling are convenience sampling, purposive sampling, quota sampling, and snowball sampling.
Explanation:
Convenience sampling: Allows a selection to be made of a small sample of the target population of the research. This sample is made up of individuals who are available and accessible to research and not through statistical criteria. Regarding the question above, Dr. Parrett can select the athletes he knows and who would like to participate in the research.
Purposive sampling: It allows the sample to be controlled whenever a certain manipulation is possible to generate expected and known results. In the case of the question above, Dr Parrett can search for specific athletes, with characteristics that will generate an expected result in the research.
Snowball sampling: Allows the individuals who make up the sample to invite other individuals to compose the sample, who in turn can invite other individuals. In the case of the question above, Dr. Parret can invite the athletes he wants and ask them to call friends to participate in the survey as well.
Sampling quota: Allows the individuals who will compose the sample to be selected due to their characteristics and qualities. Regarding the question above, Dr. Parrett could only summon athletes with high marks.
Answer:
Naturalistic observation, interviews, and case studies
Explanation:
Three of the most common research methods are naturalistic observation, interviews, and case studies. Each one of them brings something different to the table:
- Naturalistic observation refers to studying subjects directly on their environment without any intervention from the researcher. This is a great method because watching people behave in a natural way will be very revealing and more truthful. When subjects know they are being observed, they often change their behaviour. Naturalistic observation thus requires the observer to be as anonymous and invisible as possible.
- An interview is a research method where the subject is asked to answer to some specific questions crafted by the researcher. Interviews allow the researchers have a much closer look at the subject, trying to ascertain the motives behind their behaviour. However, a problem with interviews is that the subjects often time won't respond truthfully, but will adjust their answers to what is expected from them.
- A case study is a method that goes more in depth than the other two, and the researcher tries to learn as much as possible about the subject through a variety of other methods, like observations, interviews, surveys, etc. Case studies are much thorough and deeper investigations, but they can be very time consuming, and require a subject that is willing to facilitate the work of the researcher, which isn't always possible.
9 miles from east to west
Answer: c. Tempest
Explanation:
Tempest (Telecommunications Electronics Materials Protected from Emanating Spurious Transmissions) is a branch of the US National Security Agency. The function of this organization is to protect against spying on information systems. The methods they use are for transmitting emanations, including unintentional radio or electrical signals, sounds, and vibrations.
