Characterization and determination of the S/G ratio via Py-GC/MS of agricultural and industrial residues.
<h3>What is the abstract?</h3>
To investigate the potential lignin values, agricultural residues (apple tree pruning, olive tree pruning, and almond shell) and industrial residues (kraft black liquor) were employed as source materials for lignin extraction via various fractionation procedures (kraft, organosolv, acetosolv and acetosolv and formosolv processes). Py-GC/MS, FTIR, and GPC were used to characterise the separated lignins. The fractionation method had a significant impact on the average molecular weight (Mw) assessed by GPC. The severe circumstances of the acetosolv and acetosolv-formosolv procedures favoured repolymerization, resulting in high Mw lignins. Because of the longer retention durations, the EKL had a smaller Mw. Except for almond shell lignin, which has the highest relative abundance of G-type phenols, all lignins have higher relative abundances of S-type phenols.
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1) aluminum
2) copper
3) white paper
<span>Substances can move into and out of cells through the cell membrane. The three main types of movement are diffusion, osmosis and active transport.</span>
Answer:
c. immune functions.
Explanation:
The endocrine system is involved in the regulation of metabolic rate, body temperature (thermoregulation), tissue development and labor contractions except immune functions.
Studies have shown that no hormone has been identified as being important in the regulation of the immune system. Therefore immune functions is not a regulatory function of the endocrine system.
Although, there have been articles on the endocrine and immune system crosstalk, only a hypothesis of various proteohormones not single hormones have been discovered to act on immunocompetent cells.
