Answer:
no they are not connected
Answer:
population is number of inhabitants in area or place
The situation is an example of negative reinforcement.
In the condition of negative reinforcement, a stimulus especially an unpleasant stimulus is removed due to a particular behavior of the person. In this case, the unpleasant behavior is the headache, and taking aspirin is a behavior of Nancy, which cut of the stimuli, that is pain relieving. In negative reinforcement a particular behavior is increased, in order to remove the unpleasant stimulus.
To calculate life expectancy you need to know how much the disease severity, risk factor the patient had and the complication that already occurs. In general, 90% of stage IV sarcoidosis patient will survive in 5 years, and 80% will survive for 15 years.