Which mixture could be a useful buffer in a solution?

1 answer:

3 0

Mixtures of a weak acid and its conjugate base, such as HOAc and the OAc- ion, are called buffers. The term buffer usually means "to lessen or absorb shock." These solutions are buffers because they lessen or absorb the drastic change in pH that occurs when small amounts of acids or bases are added to water. Adding a single drop of 2 M hydrochloric acid to 100 mL of pure water changes the pH from 7 to 3.

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Read 2 more answers

Calculate the pH of: (a) 0.1M HCl; (b) 0.1M NaOH; (c) 3 X 10% M HNO3; (d) 5 X 10-10 M HCIO.; and (e) 2 x 10-8 M KOH.

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Answer:

(a) $pH = -Log (0.1M) = 1$

(b) $pH = -Log (10^{-13}M) = 13$

(d) $pH = -Log (4.93x10^{-10}M) = 9.3$

(e) $pH = -Log (5^{-7}M) = 6.3$

Explanation:

To calculate de pH of an acid solution the formula is:

$pH = -Log ([H^{+}]) = 1$

were [H^{+}] is the concentration of protons of the solution. Therefore it is necessary to know the concentration of the protons for every solution in order to solve the problem.

(a) and (c) are strong acids so they dissociate completely in aqueous solution. Thus, the concentration of the acid is the same as the protons.

(b) and (e) are strong bases so they dissociate completely in aqueous solution too. Thus, the concentration of the base is the same as the oxydriles. But in this case it is necessary to consider the water autoionization to calculate the protons concentration:

$K_{w} =[H^{+} ][OH^{-}]=10^{-14}$