One electron in an atom experiences the entire positive charge of the nucleus. Coulomb's law can be used in this situation to determine the effective nuclear charge.
In contrast, the outside electrons in an atom with many electrons are drawn to the positive nucleus and repelled by the negatively charged electrons at the same time. The force between two stationary, electrically charged particles can be measured using Coulomb's law inverse-square law, also known as Coulomb's law. Conventionally, the electric force between two charged objects at rest is referred to as the Coulomb force or electrostatic force.
The electron is a subatomic particle with the symbol e or with an electric charge of one elementarily negative charge. The lepton particle family's first generation includes electrons.
Learn more about Coulomb's law here
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A transverse wave is a wave is a wave in which the particles in the medium oscillate in a direction that is perpendicular or at 90 degrees to the direction in which the wave propagates. Light waves or electromagnetic waves are a good example of transverse waves. When an electromagnetic wave propagates, the medium in which it propagates vibrates in a direction perpendicular to the direction of travel.
A longitudinal wave is a wave in which the particles of the medium oscillate in a direction parallel to the direction in which the wave is travelling. Sound waves are good examples of longitudinal waves. When sound propagates, the particles of the medium which it travels through will vibrate in the direction in which the wave is travelling.
Similarities
- Both transverse and longitudinal waves carry energy.
- Both transverse and longitudinal waves obey the wave equation.
- Both transverse and longitudinal waves show behavior such as refraction, reflection, absorption, diffraction, etc.
Differences
The main difference is that for longitudinal waves, the particles in the medium will vibrate in the direction of the wave and that for transverse waves, the motion of the particles in the medium is in a direction perpendicular to the direction of propagation of the wave.
Answer:
- 7.48
Explanation:
Given:
Concentration of the sugar solution, C = 0.3 M
Temperature, T = 27° C = 273 + 27 = 300 K
Now,
The solute potential is given as:
solute potential = - iCRT
where,
i is the number of particles the particular molecule will make in water
i = 1 for sugar
R is the universal gas constant = 0.0831 liter bar/mole-K
on substituting the respective values, we get
solute potential = - 1 × 0.3 × 0.0831 × 300
or
The solute potential = - 7.479 ≈ - 7.48