Inevitable manufacturing imperfections in optical fiber leads to birefringence, which is one cause of pulse broadening in fiber-optic communications. Such imperfections can be geometrical (lack of circular symmetry), due to stress applied to the optical fiber and/or due to bending of the fiber.
Answer:
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Explanation:
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Answer:
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Explanation:
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Answer: It depends on the element.
Explanation: Every element has a different amount of protons in its nucleus. It is the same as its atomic number on the periodic table. For example: Hydrogen has an atomic number of 1 because it has 1 proton in its nucleus, Helium has 2, Carbon has 6, Platnium has 78, and so on...
