Hold ice to the area for 20 minutes with short breaks in between
Any of these can be long term affects because everyone reacts differently but for short term I would have to say regressive behavior
C.) Air pressure.
Air pressure has nothing to do with breathing really. Air pressure is the pressure brought by the weight of air in the atmosphere of Earth.
Take some simple measurements, add a dash of algebra, and you basically have a way to measure an unknown mass.