Question

What is it called when a columns filled with pairs of numbers that have the same ratio?

Answer 1

we know that

When a columns is filled with pairs of numbers that express the same relationship between two
quantities, is called a ratio table and the relationship between these two quantities is called Equivalent ratios.

Example

$x$ $y$

$2$ $4$ -----> $Ratio 1=\frac{4}{2} =2$

$3$ $6$ -----> $Ratio 2=\frac{6}{3} =2$

$4$ $8$ -----> $Ratio 3=\frac{8}{4} =2$

$Ratio 1, Ratio 2, Ratio 3$ $are$ $Equivalent$ $Ratios$

therefore

the answer is

A Ratio Table

Answer 2

That is a ratio table.