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svp [43]
3 years ago
13

Set up a Hess’s law cycle, and use the following information to calculate ΔH∘f for aqueous nitric acid, HNO3(aq). You will need

to use fractional coefficients for some equations. 3NO2(g)+H2O(l)→2HNO3(aq)+NO(g) ΔH∘ = -137.3 kJ 2NO(g)+O2(g)→2NO2(g) ΔH∘ = -116.2 kJ 4NH3(g)+5O2(g)→4NO(g)+6H2O(l) ΔH∘ = -1165.2 kJ NH3(g) ΔH∘f = -46.1 kJ H2O(l) ΔH∘f = -285.8 kJ
Chemistry
1 answer:
AleksandrR [38]3 years ago
4 0

Answer:

-207,4 kJ = ΔH∘fHNO₃(aq)

Explanation:

Ussing Hess's law it is possible to obtain the enthalpy of a reaction or a product by the sum of different half-reactions.

<em>(1) </em>3NO₂(g) + H₂O(l) → 2HNO₃(aq) + NO(g) ΔH° = -137.3 kJ

<em>(2) </em>2NO(g) + O₂(g) → 2NO₂(g) ΔH° = -116.2 kJ

<em>(3) </em>4NH₃(g) + 5O₂(g) → 4NO(g) + 6H₂O(l) ΔH° = -1165.2 kJ

The sum of ²/₃ (1) + (2) gives:

⁴/₃NO(g) + ²/₃H₂O(l) + O₂(g) → ⁴/₃HNO₃(aq) ΔH° = ²/₃ (1) + (2) = -207,7 kJ

This reaction + ¹/₃ (3) produce:

⁴/₃NH₃(g) + ⁸/₃O₂(g) → + ⁴/₃H₂O(l) + ⁴/₃HNO₃(aq) ΔH° = -207,7 kJ +  ¹/₃ (3) = -596,1 kJ

This ΔH° is =  ⁴/₃ΔH∘fH₂O(l) + ⁴/₃ΔH∘fHNO₃(aq) - (⁴/₃ΔH∘fNH₃(g) + ⁸/₃ΔH∘fO₂(g))

As: NH₃(g) ΔH∘f = -46.1 kJ; H₂O(l) ΔH∘f = -285.8 kJ; O₂(g) ΔH∘f =0kJ:

-596,1 kJ = -⁴/₃285,8kJ +⁴/₃ΔH∘fHNO₃(aq)  - (-⁴/₃46,1kJ + 0 kJ)

-276,5 kJ = ⁴/₃ΔH∘fHNO₃(aq)

<em>-207,4 kJ = ΔH∘fHNO₃(aq)</em>

<em></em>

I hope it helps!

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This is an incomplete question, here is a complete question.

Consider the following equilibrium at 100°C.

COBr_2(g)\rightleftharpoons CO(g)+Br_2(g)

K_c=4.74\times 10^4

Concentration at equilibrium:

[COBr_2]=1.58\times 10^{-6}M

[Co]=2.78\times 10^{-3}M

[Br_2]=2.51\times 10^{-5}M

If a system has a reaction quotient of 2.13 × 10⁻¹⁵ at 100°c, what will happen to the concentrations of COBr₂, Co and Br₂ as the reaction proceeds to equilibrium?

Answer : The concentrations of Co and Br₂ decreases and the concentrations of COBr₂ increases.

Explanation :

Reaction quotient (Q) : It is defined as the measurement of the relative amounts of products and reactants present during a reaction at a particular time.

The given balanced chemical reaction is,

COBr_2(g)\rightleftharpoons CO(g)+Br_2(g)

The expression for reaction quotient will be :

Q=\frac{[CO][Br_2]}{[COBr_2]}

In this expression, only gaseous or aqueous states are includes and pure liquid or solid states are omitted.

Now put all the given values in this expression, we get

Q=\frac{(2.78\times 10^{-3})\times (2.51\times 10^{-5})}{(1.58\times 10^{-6})}=4.42\times 10^{-2}

The given equilibrium constant value is, K_c=4.74\times 10^4

Equilibrium constant : It is defined as the equilibrium constant. It is defined as the ratio of concentration of products to the concentration of reactants.

There are 3 conditions:

When Q>K_c that means product > reactant. So, the reaction is reactant favored.

When Q that means reactant > product. So, the reaction is product favored.

When Q=K_c that means product = reactant. So, the reaction is in equilibrium.

From the above we conclude that, the Q that means product < reactant. So, the reaction is product favored that means reaction must shift to the product (right) to be in equilibrium.

Hence, the concentrations of Co and Br₂ decreases and the concentrations of COBr₂ increases.

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