Answer:
CH₃CH₂CH₂COOH > CH₃CH₂COOH > ClCH₂CH₂COOH > ClCH₂COOH
Explanation:
Electron-withdrawing groups (EWGs) increase acidity by inductive removal of electrons from the carboxyl group.
Electron-donating groups (EDGs) decrease acidity by inductive donation of electrons to the carboxyl group.
- The closer the substituent is to the carboxyl group, the greater is its effect.
- The more substituents, the greater the effect.
- The effect tails off rapidly and is almost zero after about three C-C bonds.
CH₃CH₂-CH₂COOH — EDG — weakest — pKₐ = 4.82
CH₃-CH₂COOH — reference — pKₐ = 4.75
ClCH₂-CH₂COOH — EWG on β-carbon— stronger — pKₐ = 4.00
ClCH₂COOH — EWG on α-carbon — strongest — pKₐ = 2.87
Answer:
1) Maximun ammount of nitrogen gas: 
2) Limiting reagent: 
3) Ammount of excess reagent: 
Explanation:
<u>The reaction </u>
Moles of nitrogen monoxide
Molecular weight: 
Moles of hydrogen
Molecular weight: 
Mol rate of H2 and NO is 1:1 => hydrogen gas is in excess
1) <u>Maximun ammount of nitrogen gas</u> => when all NO reacted
2) <u>Limiting reagent</u>:
3) <u>Ammount of excess reagent</u>:
Im pretty Sure its B Tuesday And Wensday
Answer:
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d5
Explanation:
According to the Aufbau principle, electrons are filled in orbitals in order of increasing energy. The energy of orbitals in the electronic configuration of manganese increases from left to right, hence 3d orbital is much greater in energy than a 3p orbital.
The arrangement of orbitals in order of increasing energy is shown in the answer above.
Answer:
A and D are true , while B and F statements are false.
Explanation:
A) True. Since the standard gibbs free energy is
ΔG = ΔG⁰ + RT*ln Q
where Q= [P1]ᵃ.../([R1]ᵇ...) , representing the ratio of the product of concentration of chemical reaction products P and the product of concentration of chemical reaction reactants R
when the system reaches equilibrium ΔG=0 and Q=Keq
0 = ΔG⁰ + RT*ln Q → ΔG⁰ = (-RT*ln Keq)
therefore the first equation also can be expressed as
ΔG = RT*ln (Q/Keq)
thus the standard gibbs free energy can be determined using Keq
B) False. ΔG⁰ represents the change of free energy under standard conditions . Nevertheless , it will give us a clue about the ΔG around the standard conditions .For example if ΔG⁰>>0 then is likely that ΔG>0 ( from the first equation) if the temperature or concentration changes are not very distant from the standard conditions
C) False. From the equation presented
ΔG⁰ = (-RT*ln Keq)
ΔG⁰>0 if Keq<1 and ΔG⁰<0 if Keq>1
for example, for a reversible reaction ΔG⁰ will be <0 for forward or reverse reaction and the ΔG⁰ will be >0 for the other one ( reverse or forward reaction)
D) True. Standard conditions refer to
T= 298 K
pH= 7
P= 1 atm
C= 1 M for all reactants
Water = 55.6 M
