<span>Oligarchic
An oligarchy is a small group of people having control of a country, organization, or institution. White South Africans were a very small percentage of the population, but had control over the entire government.</span>
(n^4 - 1) = (n^2 - 1) (n^2 +1) = (n - 1) (n + 1) (n^2 + 1)
The answer should be D.
Hope it helped you.
