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3 years ago

What are the four characteristics of a mineral?

Chemistry

2 answers:

natita [175]3 years ago

8 0

The characteristics of a mineral are:

1- Solid and Formed by inorganic processes

2- Naturally occurring , Definite chemical composition , Definite crystalline structure. If a rock has at least three of these characteristics then it is a mineral because some of these minerals don’t have the exact same characteristics.

3- A solid has to have a definite volume or shape although, all rocks have a solid shape. In rocks and minerals, particles are packed tightly. Unlike a liquid, a solid object does not flow to take on the shape of its container, nor does it expand to fill the entire volume available to it like a gas does.

4- For a rock to be a mineral, it must form from non-living materials. The rock cannot come from something that is, or was living.

5- Naturally occurring minerals were not formed from factories or anything.

6- When a mineral is made of the same material throughout. Basically, made of the same thing, like lava or ice or one item. This mineral has one of these three materials in rocks.

7-Has crystals inside or outside. One example is a geode that has crystals inside.

8- IT also characteristic with its Texture ,Hardness ,Luster or shine and Color or streak .

Damm [24]3 years ago

5 0

The 4 major characteristics of a mineral are: -It is formed by natural processes- not man made -It is inorganic- it's not alive, it never will be -It is a crystalline solid- a definite volume and shape with a repeating structure -It can be an element or compound with a definite chemical composition- made the same each time w/ and orderly arrangement of atoms Also, another answer might be: -Texture -Hardness -Luster or shine -Color/streak Hope that helps

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Two isotopes of lithium are found in nature Li6 has a mass of 6. 02u and Li7 has a mass of 7.02u . Use the atomic weight of lith

alexandr402 [8]

The isotope that is more abundant, given the data is isotope Li7

<h3>Assumption</h3>

Let Li6 be isotope A
Let Li7 be isotope B

<h3>How to determine whiche isotope is more abundant</h3>

Molar mass of isotope A (Li6) = 6.02 u
Molar mass of isotope B (Li7) = 7.02 u
Atomic mass of lithium = 6.94 u
Abundance of A = A%
Abundance of B = (100 - A)%

Atomic mass = [(mass of A × A%) / 100] + [(mass of B × B%) / 100]

6.94 = [(6.02 × A%) / 100] + [(7.02 × (100 - A)) / 100]

6.94 = [6.02A% / 100] + [702 - 7.02A% / 100]

6.94 = [6.02A% + 702 - 7.02A%] / 100

Cross multiply

6.02A% + 702 - 7.02A% = 6.94 × 100

6.02A% + 702 - 7.02A% = 694

Collect like terms

6.02A% - 7.02A% = 694 - 702

-A% = -8

A% = 8%

Thus,

Abundance of B = (100 - A)%

Abundance of B = (100 - 8)%

Abundance of B = 92%

SUMMARY

Abundance of A (Li6) = 8%
Abundance of B (Li7) = 92%

From the above, isotope Li7 is more abundant.

Learn more about isotope:

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4 0

2 years ago

How many moles of BaSO4 are formed if 0.5 moles of Na2 SO4 react with 60 g of BaCl2? Na2 SO4 + BaCl2 → BaSO4 + 2NaCl

faust18 [17]

the balanced equation for the reaction is as follows
Na₂SO₄ + BaCl₂ ----> 2NaCl + BaSO₄
stoichiometry of Na₂SO₄ to BaCl₂ is 1:1
first we need to find out which the limiting reactant is
limiting reactant is fully used up in the reaction.

number of Na2So4 moles - 0.5 mol number of BaCl2 moles - 60 g / 208 g/mol = 0.288 mol
since molar ratio is 1:1 equal number of moles of both reactants should react with each other

therefore BaCl2 is the limiting reactant and Na2SO4 is in excess. amount of product formed depends on number of limiting reactant present.
stoichiometry of BaCl₂ to BaSO₄ is 1:1.

therefore number of BaSO4 moles formed - 0.288 mol

6 0

3 years ago

Read 2 more answers

Why do you require an acid catalyst to make an ester? Why not just mix acid and alcohol? Describe an alternate method of making

djverab [1.8K]

Answer:Acid catalyst is needed to increase the electrophilicity of Carbonyl group of Carboxylic acid as alcohol is a weak nucleophile.

Alternatively esters can be synthesised by converting carboxylic acid into acyl chloride using thionyl chloride(SOCl_{2} and then further treating acyl chloride with alcohol.

Carboxylic acid and esters can be easily distinguished on the basis of IR as carboxylic acid would contain a broad intense peak in 2500-3200cm_{-1} corresponding to OH stretching frequency whereas esters would not contain any such broad intense peak.

Alcohol and esters can also be distinguished using IR as alcohols would contain a broad intense peak at around 3200-3600cm_{-1}

Explanation: For the synthesis of esters using alcohol and carboxylic acid we need to add a little amount of acid in the reaction . The acid used here increases the electrophilicity of carbonyl carbon and hence makes it easier for a weaker nucleophile like alcohol to attack the carbonyl carbon of acid.

The oxygen of the carbonyl group is protonated using the acidic proton which leads to the generation of positive charge on the oxygen. The positive charge generated is delocalised over the whole acid molecule and hence the electrophilicity of carbonyl group is increased. Kindly refer attachment for the structures.

If we simply mix the acid and alcohol then no appreciable reaction would take place between them and ester formation would not take place because the carboxylic acid in that case is not a good electrophile whereas alcohol is also not a very strong nucleophile which can attack the carbonyl group.

Alternatively we can use thionyl chloride or any other reagent which can convert the carboxylic acid into acyl chloride. Acyl chloride is very elctrophilic and alcohol can very easily attack the acyl chloride and esters could be synthesized.

The carboxylic acid and ester can very easily be distinguished on the basis of broad intense OH stretching frequency peak at around 2500-3200cm_{-1} . The broad intense OH stretching frequency peak is present in carboxylic acids as they contain OH groups and absent in case of esters .

Likewise esters and alcohols can also be distinguished on the basis IR spectra as alcohols will have broad intense spectra at around 3200-3600cm_{-1}corresponding to OH stretching frequency whereas esters will not have any such peak. Rather esters would be having a Carbonyl stretching frequency at around 1720-1760

4 0

3 years ago

HELP NOW Do Now 3.5 Purple

Serga [27]

Answer:

The smell of a chocolate is from the presence of volatile compounds present in the chocolate bar which at room temperature readily changes phase from solid to liquid to vapor or gas

Explanation:

There are nearly 600 identified compounds present in a chocolate bar and out of these, there are volatile components which gives the chocolate bar its distinctive aroma.

These volatile chocolate contents readily change phase from solid to vapor, with very short duration liquid phase.

For example, 3 methylbutanal, vanillin, and several organic compounds which are known to be readily volatile.

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3 years ago

How are scientific questions answered?

Katena32 [7]

Answer:

They're answered by having an equation and the some symbols with it to make the answer more correct.

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3 years ago