Refer to the diagram shown below.
m = the mass of the object
x = the distance of the object from the equilibrium position at time t.
v = the velocity of the object at time t
a = the acceleration of the object at time t
A = the amplitude ( the maximum distance) of the mass from the equilibrium
position
The oscillatory motion of the object (without damping) is given by
x(t) = A sin(ωt)
where
ω = the circular frequency of the motion
T = the period of the motion so that ω = (2π)/T
The velocity and acceleration are respectively
v(t) = ωA cos(ωt)
a(t) = -ω²A sin(ωt)
In the equilibrium position,
x is zero;
v is maximum;
a is zero.
At the farthest distance (A) from the equilibrium position,
x is maximum;
v is zero;
a is zero.
In the graphs shown, it is assumed (for illustrative purposes) that
A = 1 and T = 1.
Explanation:
(a)
Critical angle is the angle at the angle of refraction is 90°. After the critical angle, no refraction takes place.
Using Snell's law as:
Where,
is the angle of incidence
is the angle of refraction = 90°
is the refractive index of the refraction medium
is the refractive index of the incidence medium
Thus,
The formula for the calculation of critical angle is:
Where,
is the critical angle
(b)
No it cannot occur. It only occur when the light ray bends away from the normal which means that when it travels from denser to rarer medium.
Answer:
N₂=20.05 rpm
Explanation:
Given that
R= 19 cm
I=0.13 kg.m²
N₁ = 24.2 rpm

ω₁= 2.5 rad/s
m= 173 g = 0.173 kg
v=1.2 m
Initial angular momentum L₁
L₁ = Iω₁ - m v r ( negative sign because bird coming opposite to motion of the wire motion)
Final linear momentum L₂
L₂= I₂ ω₂
I₂ = I + m r²
The is no any external torque that is why angular momentum will be conserve
L₁ = L₂
Iω₁ - m v r = I₂ ω₂
Iω₁ - m v r = ( I + m r²) ω₂
Now by putting the all values
Iω₁ - m v r = ( I + m r²) ω₂
0.13 x 2.5 - 0.173 x 1.2 x 0.19 = ( 0.13 + 0.173 x 0.19²) ω₂
0.325 - 0.0394 = 0.136 ω₂
ω₂ = 2.1 rad/s

N₂=20.05 rpm
Impulse, denoted as J, is defined by the change in momentum. Since we have our initial and our final, we can solve for the change in momentum.