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Answer:
According to the diagram shown, the section of DNA used to make the mRNA strand is known as a gene (option 2).
Explanation:
Gene consists of a DNA fragment that codes for the synthesis of a specific protein that defines the structural or functional trait of a living being.
When DNA is transcribed into mRNA, each section of transcribed DNA is part of a gene. The information travels to ribosomes in the cytoplasm where protein synthesis occurs.
A complete DNA molecule forms a chromosome, which contains the genes with information to define specific traits of a species.
The other options are not correct because:
<em> 1.Carbohydrate is a biomolecule that is not involved in the genetic process.
</em>
<em> 3. Ribosome is where protein synthesis occurs.
</em>
<em> 4. Chromosome is the complete DNA molecule.</em>
The right answer is A.) DNA in mitochondria
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Eukaryotic cells, with their many intracellular organelles, have long been considered progeny of prokaryotes that would have become more complex as a result of genetic mutations. But from the 1960s, biologist Lynn Margulis proposed an alternative explanation that was first received coldly by the scientific community. His endosymbiotic theory, proposed in a more formal way in a 1981 book, proposes that eukaryotic cells as we know them today would be the result of a series of symbiotic associations with different prokaryotes.
Mitochondria and chloroplasts also have their own DNA that is not trapped in a nucleus, which is also the case with prokaryotes. However, the proteins encoded by this DNA do not cover all mitochondrial proteins. The prokaryote is thought to have lost some genes to the nucleus of the cell, a process known as "endosymbiotic gene transfer". For this reason, mitochondria and chloroplasts are now host-dependent for the synthesis of most of their components.
