D. Friends of the scientists who wrote the articles
Because the word “peer” is also another word for friends
* More than 40 proteins and glycoproteins involved in the complement system are synthesized by the liver, macrophages, epithelial cells, they are present in the blood in plasmatic form, membrane, some have an enzymatic activity, regulator or membrane receptorThese are elements of the humoral innate immune response, they fight infections, purify immune complexes and apoptotic bodies.
<span>There are indeed three ways to activate the complement:</span>
Classical pathway: Activated by Immunoglobulins in immune complexes, aggregated Immunoglobulins, DNA, CRP, apoptotic bodies .......it involves nine fractions, starting with C1, then C4, C2, C3, to form a classical C5 convertase, then, activation of C5, C6, C7, C8, C9.
Alternative pathway: activated by polysaccharides (bacterial endotoxin), vascular wall poor in sialic acid, aggregated IgE ...C3b like is the first component in the alternate channel cascade, it will create an amplification loop, and form an alternative C5 convertase.
Lecithin pathway: Activated by mannose, fucose (carbohydrate of microorganisms)The first component is the complex MBL / MASP1 / MASP2: "mannose-binding protein": works according to the same principle as the complex C1 of the classical way (MASP2 cleaves the C4 and the rest of the cascade is equivalent to that of the classical way).
the three ways have the same outcome: A C5 convertase (formed by one of the pathways) cleaves C5 into C5a and C5b: C5b is deposited far from other fractions on the antigenic surface. The fixation of C5b in the cell is followed by that of C6, C7, C8, and C9 (9 molecules of C9): formation of the membrane attack complex (MAC) ==> Death of the cell by osmotic shock
It is the same as creating more pests or setting up dominant species which upset the ecological food pyramid leading to decimation of trophic levels or predators and energy cycling. Fishes feed on microscopic algae and animals the primary base of the food chain in water, if they are not checked they will choke the rivers and oceans causing toxic waters. Fish feed to contain them, in the process they grow and increase in numbers but their population is checked by bigger fishes and so on till it reaches a top predator which is usually a large animal.
Answer:
A
Ametrine containing amethyst and citrine, from Bolivia
Abelsonite
Abenakiite-(Ce)
Abernathyite
Abhurite
Abramovite
Althausite
Althupite
Altisite
Alum-(K)
Aluminite
Aluminium
Alunite
Alunogen
Amakinite
Amarantite
Amblygonite
Ameghinite
Amesite
Amicite
Amphibole (mineral group)
Analcime (analcite)
Anandite
Anapaite
Anatase
Ancylite (mineral group)
Andalusite
Andersonite
Andesine
Andorite (IV/VI)
Andradite
Andyrobertsite
Anglesite
Anhydrite
Ankerite
Annabergite
Annite
Anorthite
Anorthoclase
Antarcticite
Anthonyite
Anthophyllite
Antigorite
Antimony
Antitaenite
Antlerite
Apachite
Apatite (mineral group)
Aphthitalite
Apophyllite
Aragonite
Arcanite
Archerite
Arctite
Arcubisite
Ardaite
Arfvedsonite
Argentite
Argutite
Argyrodite
Armalcolite
Arsenic
Arseniosiderite
Arsenoclasite
Arsenolite
Arsenopyrite
Arthurite
Artinite
Artroeite
Ashburtonite
Ashoverite
Asisite
Astrophyllite
Atacamite
Athabascaite
Atheneite
Aubertite
Augelite
Augite
Aurichalcite
Auricupride
Aurostibite
Austinite
Autunite
Avicennite
Avogadrite
Awaruite
Axinite (mineral group)
Azurite
Varieties that are not valid species:
Adamantine spar (variety of corundum)
Agate (variety of chalcedony and quartz)
Alabaster (variety of gypsum)
Alexandrite (variety of chrysoberyl)
Allingite (synonym of amber)
Alum
Amazonite (variety of microcline)
Amethyst (purple variety of quartz)
Ametrine (variety of quartz)
Ammolite (organic; also a gemstone)
Amosite (asbestiform grunerite)
Antozonite (variety of fluorite)
Anyolite (metamorphic rock - zoisite, ruby, and hornblende)
Aquamarine (light blue variety of beryl)
Argentite (high temperature form of acanthite)
Asbestos (fibrous serpentine- or amphibole minerals)
Auerlite (variety of thorite)
Avalite (chromian variety of illite)
Aventurine (variety of quartz)
