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goldfiish [28.3K]
3 years ago
10

How might spontaneous generation be possible in a reducing environment? Question options: The reducing environment was created b

y the abundance of methane, which contains carbon. Because all life is organic, and organic molecules are all carbon-based, these molecules were the source of the spontaneous generation of life. Without oxygen, biological molecules, such as amino acids do not easily break down. As a result, they could have formed a "soup" of organic molecules in the oceans of the past, allowing spontaneous generation to occur. The concentration of nitrogen in the atmosphere created this reducing environment. Because nitrogen is present in amino acids, nucleic acids, and lipids, this environment favored conditions that eventually formed life through spontaneous generation. With high concentrations of carbon dioxide, biological molecules could have performed photosynthesis and pumped oxygen into the air in sufficient amounts over about 2 billion years, making spontaneous generation possible.
Physics
1 answer:
melomori [17]3 years ago
7 0
Please help me with the unit assessment i have no idea any of the answers
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I NEED HELP PLEASE, THANKS! :)
mrs_skeptik [129]

Answer:

1. Largest force: C;  smallest force: B; 2. ratio = 9:1

Explanation:

The formula for the force exerted between two charges is

F=K\dfrac{ q_{1}q_{2}}{r^{2}}

where K is the Coulomb constant.

q₁ and q₂ are also identical and constant, so Kq₁q₂ is also constant.

For simplicity, let's combine Kq₁q₂ into a single constant, k.

Then, we can write  

F=\dfrac{k}{r^{2}}

1. Net force on each particle

Let's

  • Call the distance between adjacent charges d.
  • Remember that like charges repel and unlike charges attract.

Define forces exerted to the right as positive and those to the left as negative.

(a) Force on A

\begin{array}{rcl}F_{A} & = & F_{B} + F_{C} + F_{D}\\& = & -\dfrac{k}{d^{2}}  - \dfrac{k}{(2d)^{2}}  +\dfrac{k}{(3d)^{2}}\\& = & \dfrac{k}{d^{2}}\left(-1 - \dfrac{1}{4} + \dfrac{1}{9} \right)\\\\& = & \dfrac{k}{d^{2}}\left(\dfrac{-36 - 9 + 4}{36} \right)\\\\& = & \mathbf{-\dfrac{41}{36} \dfrac{k}{d^{2}}}\\\\\end{array}

(b) Force on B

\begin{array}{rcl}F_{B} & = & F_{A} + F_{C} + F_{D}\\& = & \dfrac{k}{d^{2}}  - \dfrac{k}{d^{2}}  + \dfrac{k}{(2d)^{2}}\\& = & \dfrac{k}{d^{2}}\left(\dfrac{1}{4} \right)\\\\& = &\mathbf{\dfrac{1}{4} \dfrac{k}{d^{2}}}\\\\\end{array}

(C) Force on C

\begin{array}{rcl}F_{C} & = & F_{A} + F_{B} + F_{D}\\& = & \dfrac{k}{(2d)^{2}} + \dfrac{k}{d^{2}}  + \dfrac{k}{d^{2}}\\& = & \dfrac{k}{d^{2}}\left( \dfrac{1}{4} +1 + 1 \right)\\\\& = & \dfrac{k}{d^{2}}\left(\dfrac{1 + 4 + 4}{4} \right)\\\\& = & \mathbf{\dfrac{9}{4} \dfrac{k}{d^{2}}}\\\\\end{array}

(d) Force on D

\begin{array}{rcl}F_{D} & = & F_{A} + F_{B} + F_{C}\\& = & -\dfrac{k}{(3d)^{2}}  - \dfrac{k}{(2d)^{2}}  - \dfrac{k}{d^{2}}\\& = & \dfrac{k}{d^{2}}\left( -\dfrac{1}{9} - \dfrac{1}{4} -1 \right)\\\\& = & \dfrac{k}{d^{2}}\left(\dfrac{-4 - 9 -36}{36} \right)\\\\& = & \mathbf{-\dfrac{49}{36} \dfrac{k}{d^{2}}}\\\\\end{array}

(e) Relative net forces

In comparing net forces, we are interested in their magnitude, not their direction (sign), so we use their absolute values.

F_{A} : F_{B} : F_{C} : F_{D}  =  \dfrac{41}{36} : \dfrac{1}{4} : \dfrac{9}{4} : \dfrac{49}{36}\ = 41 : 9 : 81 : 49\\\\\text{C experiences the largest net force.}\\\text{B experiences the smallest net force.}\\

2. Ratio of largest force to smallest

\dfrac{ F_{C}}{ F_{B}} = \dfrac{81}{9} = \mathbf{9:1}\\\\\text{The ratio of the largest force to the smallest is $\large \boxed{\mathbf{9:1}}$}

7 0
3 years ago
Calculating Net Force
VARVARA [1.3K]

Explanation:

225=m (2.20m/s2 which give m=16kg I used newtons second law to fins the required average force

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3 years ago
an object near the surface of a planet falls 54m in 3s. what is the acceleration due to gravity on that planet
Harman [31]

Answer:

12s

Explanation:

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3 years ago
Which of the following best describe the particles in a liquid.
VashaNatasha [74]
A. fixed volume, changeable shape.
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3 years ago
The Hertzsprung-Russel diagram is used to show the relationship between which two characteristics of stars?
andre [41]
The Hertzsprung- Russel diagram is used to how the relationship between the absolute magnitudes of stars and their effective temperatures. 
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3 years ago
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