Cladogram shows that Osteichthyes should be under group A. Going back to their characteristics, they’re a group of fish that have the derived characteristics of jaws and true bones. So, moving backwards from group A these derived characteristics are clearly traceable, wherein each line is showing a relationship/connection.
The amount of gravitational pull helps determine the gases that can form an atmosphere around a large body in space. So the mass of an object also determines the density of these gases. Note that several factors come into effect for a large object to sustain their gases if present.
