Answer:
It's spontaneous in the reverse direction
Explanation:
A negative voltage indicate s that the reverse reaction is spontaneous (i.e. oxidation at the cathode, and reduction at the anode; by convention you would need to swap the labels on the electrodes)
Answer:
Na₁₁ = 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s¹
Explanation:
Abbreviated and unabbreviated electronic configuration:
The abbreviated electronic configuration uses the noble gas configuration i.e complete electronic shells. For example, the atomic number of neon is ten and sodium is eleven. The abbreviated electronic configuration of sodium is written by using the neon abbreviation in following way:
The electronic configuration of neon is given below:
Ne₁₀ = 1s² 2s² 2p⁶
The abbreviated electronic configuration of sodium:
Na₁₁ = [Ne] 3s¹
While the unabbreviated electronic configuration is written without using noble gas electronic configuration.
Unabbreviated electronic configuration of sodium:
Na₁₁ = 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s¹
Answer:
Discovery of neutron
Explanation:
Until 1932, the atom was believed to be composed of a positively charged nucleus surrounded by negatively charged electrons, after successful discovery of electron by J.J. Thompson and proton by Ernest Rutherford.
In 1932, James Chadwick bombarded beryllium atoms with alpha particles.
As Chadwick had previously seen in experiment conducted by Frédéric and Irène Joliot-Curie, they had bombarded a sample of beryllium with alpha radiation.
Chadwick repeated the experiment and observed an unknown radiation, this showed no deflection what-so-ever.
He repeated this experiment by bombarding other materials, like helium, nitrogen and lithium,
Finally, Chadwick found that this radiation was composed of particles with a neutral electrical charge and had approximate mass of a proton.
This particle was then known as the neutron.