The structure of a typical antibody molecule
Antibodies are the secreted form of the B-cell receptor. An antibody is identical to the B-cell receptor of the cell that secretes it except for a small portion of the C-terminus of the heavy-chain constant region. In the case of the B-cell receptor the C-terminus is a hydrophobic membrane-anchoring sequence, and in the case of antibody it is a hydrophilic sequence that allows secretion. Since they are soluble, and secreted in large quantities, antibodies are easily obtainable and easily studied. For this reason, most of what we know about the B-cell receptor comes from the study of antibodies.
Antibody molecules are roughly Y-shaped molecules consisting of three equal-sized portions, loosely connected by a flexible tether. Three schematic representations of antibody structure, which has been determined by X-ray crystallography, are shown in Fig. 3.1. The aim of this part of the chapter is to explain how this structure is formed and how it allows antibody molecules to carry out their dual tasks—binding on the one hand to a wide variety of antigens, and on the other hand to a limited number of effector molecules and cells. As we will see, each of these tasks is carried out by separable parts of the molecule. The two arms of the Y end in regions that vary between different antibody molecules, the V regions. These are involved in antigen binding, whereas the stem of the Y, or the C region, is far less variable and is the part that interacts with effector cells and molecules.
I believe the answer is D. The part where you have Photosynthesis and cellular respiration are opposite is also a true statement. IDK if that was supposed to be E or part of D. Hopefully this helps.
Answer:
Émile Durkheim, French sociologist, drafted The sacred–profane dichotomy which he considered the religion´s description: "religion is a unified system of beliefs and practices relative to sacred things, that is to say, things set apart and forbidden."
Explanation:
Emile Durkheim a functionalist disciple against the positivist tradition, stated that religion helped social consolidation and provided means of control.
He supported sociology as a scientific study of society and focused on traditional and modern societies function´s facts, norms, values and structures evolution. He believed that families liaison and religion sharing structured the collective consciousness, division of labor and anomie the situation in which there is social norms and guidance are itemized.
Answer:
The correct answer is - yes, The ion pumps can actively separate charge; thus, they can create a potential difference.
Explanation:
Ion channels create a potential difference by providing a path for the flow of current across the membrane. Ion pumps such as Na+/K+ pump create a potential difference across the membrane by separating the charge.
In the sodium-potassium pump the movement of ions across the inside and outside of the membrane by active transport. The concentration difference between the inside of the membrane and outside of the membrane causes a potential difference.
Answer:
1.vegetative propagation 2. mitosis
Explanation:
