So, to begin, we can set the scenario into an equation to solve for the amount of magnets that Sarah had...
Joseph had 28 magnets, plus an unknown amount, <em>x</em> :
28 + x
Sarah had 157, plus the same unknown amount.
157 + x
Also, Sarah had <u>four</u> times the amount of Joseph at the end:
4(28 + x)
As a full equation:

Now, all we have to do is solve for <em>x</em>, the unknown amount:

Use the Distributive Property on <em>4(28 + x)</em>:

Subtract <em>x</em> on both sides:


Subtract <em>112</em> on both sides:


Divide by <em>3</em> on both sides:

<em>15</em> is the unknown amount added to each pile of magnets!
Hope I could help you out!
Have a good one, and God bless!