First of all. A definition of these and other terms is necessary:
- Dar Al Islam: in Arabic it literally means the "House of Islam". It is an Islamic political/legal term referring to the countries where Islam is practiced by the vast majority of the inhabitants and where the government and all rulers are are Islamic.
- Dar Al Harb: literally means the "house of war" and applies to all countries that do not have an armistice or a treaty of peace with Muslims. According to Islamic jurisprudence, it is not only licit and legal to attack and harass such countries by any means possible until they accept to convert to Islam or accept being the vassals of an adjacent Caliphate.
- Zanj: Arabic meaning "black" or "<u>negro</u>" was the region of Southeast Africa on the Swahili coast that was populated by black Africans. Zanj was the name that Medieval Muslim geographers used to refer to that area. Arab and Persian colonists founded settlements on the coastal areas of these regions. They ruled them according to Sharia Law and held all political and economic power. The blacks or Zanj were either conscripted to fight in Muslim armies or were sold as slaves to all the Islamic countries located on the coasts of the Indian Ocean.
Now that those definitions have been provided the answer is much simpler:
In Dar Al Islam, the Muhammadans were the majority and they were above all other social groups. Society was organized around Islam and the government and the religion were one since Islam does not recognize the separation of religion and state. It is the "abode of peace" since it is considered Islamic land and all Muslim subjects enjoy supremacy and several rights and privileges over non-Muslim majorities. Any of the Muslim Caliphates is considered to be Dar Al Islam.
Zanj on the other hand, is located within what Islamic lawmakers considered Dar Al Harb, the "house of war". The inhabitants of this area were animist, black unbelievers that according to Islamic religious and political doctrine were legally under the power of Muslims that could rule them and enslave them and use them as cannon fodder for their armies. Of course, the Islamic settlements where the Arab and Persian rulers lived were small Dar Al Islam enclaves since the rulers and the laws were Islamic but Muslims were not the majority and Islam was officially at war with the local Zanj unbelievers. Furthermore, the Zanj were not Arabs and spoke no Arabic so they were of course barred from any government position and were not even protected as <em>dhimmis </em>since they were not a People of the Book. Therefore in Zanj, the relationship between government and religion was a colonial one, unlike the one in Dar Al Islam.
Generally speaking it would be "political science" that is the academic discipline that focuses on the study of the roles and functions of government, although in some institutions the major is simply "government".
The Aztecs, Incas, and Chinese, all had well developed civilizations, and they all used labor force or tributary system. All of them though has different systems and requirements in this department.
The Aztecs had lot of conquered people. They required tribute in the form of people for sacrifice. As the Aztecs has Gods that were very thirsty for human blood, in order to not sacrifice themselves, the Aztecs were taking people for the other tribes and sacrificed them.
The Inca system of labor force seem to have been the most just one. In this system, everyone, apart from the emperor, had to work for the good of everyone and for the good of themselves. Everyone lived in same homes, wore the same clothes, and worked the same types of jobs.
In China, the tribute system was based on forced labor of the people that were conquered. They had to work, produce certain goods, and give part of those goods or part of the profit from those goods to the governing bodies.
Answer:
(The life of a Muslim woman:
I walk with pride in myself instead of doubt, I tell the truth every time I open my mouth. It is hard that is true but I do it for all of you. While others lie because they think it saves this doesn't help pave a good relationship it only damages it.
There may not be many like me, so be kind to me. Many with lie and feel doubt. That is why they shouldn't open their mouth. They should only walk if they do so with pride. And they should never speak if it is going to be a lie.
I have respectful relationships, no yelling or fighting. I don't envy others because I respect me. I don't allow myself to become depressed I pursue many issues that need to be pressed. If I let my self be down life will keep me pressed to the ground. I need to be strong and fight with all of my might.
I can speak just like you so don't treat me poorly too. I learn as I go and walk a long road. Soon in the near future I will have a new home with many things that I own. But this isn't easy to get I need to earn every cent.) -Raymond :3
Explanation: (EVERYTHING IS IN MY OWN WORDS)
The answers are 2, 3, 4, and 6.
