Work backwards. Samantha read three less books than Teresa (11-3=8). Ralph read half as many books as Samantha (8/2 = 4). Quincy read five more books than Ralph (4 + 5 = 9).
V = x/t = 4.5 mil / 3 h = 1.5 mph Since, v = 1.5 mph (or we can say that v is constant), distance and time vary directly and the constant of variation is 1.5 mph.
