The atomic number of an atom says how many protons it has. This number cant change, since the atomic number is what gives elements their identities (in the periodic table, at least).
The mass number, on the other hand, says how many protons AND neutrons the atom has (so, the sum of P+ and N0). So, electrons have nothing to do with this number.
Atoms are neutrally charged, which means there has to be an equal number of positive and negative particles. The negative particles of an atom are its electrons, and since our atom has 4 protons, it must also have 4 electrons.
Answer:
The pressure at the top of the step is 129.303 kilopascals.
Explanation:
From Hydrostatics we find that the pressure difference between extremes of the water column is defined by the following formula, which is a particular case of the Bernoulli's Principle (
):
(1)
,
- Total pressures at the bottom and at the top, measured in pascals.
- Density of the water, measured in kilograms per cubic meter.
- Height difference of the step, measured in meters.
If we know that
,
,
and
, then the pressure at the top of the step is:




The pressure at the top of the step is 129.303 kilopascals.
Either 175 N or 157 N depending upon how the value of 48° was measured from.
You didn't mention if the angle of 48° is from the lug wrench itself, or if it's from the normal to the lug wrench. So I'll solve for both cases and you'll need to select the desired answer.
Since we need a torque of 55 N·m to loosen the nut and our lug wrench is 0.47 m long, that means that we need 55 N·m / 0.47 m = 117 N of usefully applied force in order to loosen the nut. This figure will be used for both possible angles.
Ideally, the force will have a 0° degree difference from the normal and 100% of the force will be usefully applied. Any value greater than 0° will have the exerted force reduced by the cosine of the angle from the normal. Hence the term "cosine loss".
If the angle of 48° is from the normal to the lug wrench, the usefully applied power will be:
U = F*cos(48)
where
U = Useful force
F = Force applied
So solving for F and calculating gives:
U = F*cos(48)
U/cos(48) = F
117 N/0.669130606 = F
174.8537563 N = F
So 175 Newtons of force is required in this situation.
If the 48° is from the lug wrench itself, that means that the force is 90° - 48° = 42° from the normal. So doing the calculation again (this time from where we started plugging in values) we get
U/cos(42) = F
117/0.743144825 = F
157.4390294 = F
Or 157 Newtons is required for this case.
Answer:
<em>I </em><em>don't</em><em> know</em><em> </em><em>what</em><em> </em><em>are </em><em>you </em><em>saying</em><em> </em><em>but </em><em>I </em><em>don't</em><em> </em><em>have </em><em>any</em><em> </em><em>results</em><em> </em>
Explanation:

Of the materials listed wood is the best insulator. It would be the least hot if exposed to similar temperatures.