Answer:
All results for the experimental groups involving wing surgery would be invalid.
Explanation:
The experimental group involving wing surgery would not lead to correct results because it is a direct parameter that is impaired. This has been already clearly stated in the question that these flies are prone to attack compared to those which are not treated. There could be several reasons for that such as: (1) the reattachment would not have been successful, and/or (2) the flies' health (fitness) status would have been compromised.
On the other hand, it is not correct that all experimental groups will lead to incorrect results because the untreated flies were not attacked (or less attacked). Similarly, there is no condition given for houseflies rather only zonosemata flies. So 3rd option is also not possible. Finally, the reliability of the results would definitely change because the treated flies would be more attacked and lead to a clear difference in results.
Fusion or osmosis(osmotic movement)
Answer:
"The earliest evidence for life on Earth comes from fossilized mats of cyanobacteria called stromatolites in Greenland that are about 3.7 billion years old. Ancient as their origins are, these bacteria (which are still around today) are already biologically complex—they have cell walls protecting their protein-producing DNA, so scientists think life must have begun much earlier."
All of them are speciallized cell
#Muscle cells have evolved to carry out one highly specialized function — contraction. Muscle contractions must occur quickly and repetitively, and they must occur through long distances and with enough force to move large loads. ... A passenger car engine is only 1½ times more powerful than muscle.
#Reproductive cells include the sperm cell and egg cell. These cells have special features that allow them to come together and create a new organism that will grow and create specialized cells of its own!
#blood cells are highly specialized, well adapted for their primary function of transporting oxygen from the lungs to all of the body tissues. Red cells are approximately 7.8 μm (1 μm = 0.000039 inch) in diameter and have the form of biconcave disks, a shape that provides a large surface-to-volume ratio
#Most neurons have multiple dendrites, which extend out-ward from the cell body and are specialized to receive chemical signals from the axon termini of other neurons. Dendrites convert these signals into small electric impulses and transmit them inward, in the direction of the cell body.
SO ALL OF THEM ARE SPECIALIZED CELL BECAUSE OF THEIR SPECIFIC FUNCTIONS !
The National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) was marked into law on 1st of January year 1970. NEPA requires government organizations to evaluate the ecological impacts of their proposed activities before deciding. The scope of activities secured by NEPA is expansive and incorporates:
settling on choices on allow applications,
receiving government arrive administration activities, and
developing expressways and other openly possessed offices.
