The main causes of convection currents in the asthenosphere are density and temperature.
Convection currents are formed from gradients such as concentration and temperature gradients. Density is the one closely related to concentration gradient .
If dirt and grease were good conductors of electrical current, then we could make wire
out of dirt and grease instead of expensive copper. Sadly, they're not. So a coating of
dirt and grease on the wire can have a substantial impact on the connection, and can
even block the flow of current across the connection completely. Moreover, in the case
where the ends of the wires are to be soldered, solder does not adhere to dirty wire.
Force, according to Newton's second law of motion, is calculated through the equation,
F = m x a
where F is force, m is mass, and a is acceleration.
We are already given with the mass of 103 kg, we therefore need to solve for the acceleration.
acceleration = (13.9 m/s - 1.4 m/s) / 1 s = 12.5 m/s²
Then, we substitute this value to the equation above.
F = (103 kg) x (12.5 m/s²)
F = 1287.5 N
Thus, the force involved in the collision is approximately 1287.5 N.