Answer:
The sign of \Delta GΔG is negative.
The sign of \Delta HΔH is negative.
The sign of \Delta SΔS is negative.
Explanation:
The water vapor is adsorbed on silica gel due to strong hydrophilicity of silica get towards the water.
The thermodynamic properties of adsorbate and adsorbent changes after adsorption. Silica gel is very porous and hydrophilic, thus, it absorbs the water from the shoe box.
The adsorption process occurs spontaneously, therefore Delta G < 0.
When adsorption occurs, bonds are formed between water molecules and SiO2, and the bond formation process is exothermic (heat is released).
Thus, Delta H < 0.
The water molecules become immobilized on the surface when adsorption occurs, thus, entropy/disorder decreases.
So, Delta S < 0.
Answer:
Less
Explanation:
Since [Cu(NH3)4]2+ and [Cu(H2O)6]2+ are Octahedral Complexes the transitions between d-levels explain the majority of the absorbances seen in those chemical compounds. The difference in energy between d-levels is known as ΔOh (ligand-field splitting parameter) and it depends on several factors:
- The nature of the ligand: A spectrochemical series is a list of ligands ordered on ligand strength. With a higher strength the ΔOh will be higher and thus it requires a higher energy light to make the transition.
- The oxidation state of the metal: Higher oxidation states will strength the ΔOh because of the higher electrostatic attraction between the metal and the ligand
A partial spectrochemical series listing of ligands from small Δ to large Δ:
I− < Br− < S2− < Cl− < N3− < F−< NCO− < OH− < C2O42− < H2O < CH3CN < NH3 < NO2− < PPh3 < CN− < CO
Then NH3 makes the ΔOh higher and it requires a higher energy light to make the transition, which means a shorter wavelength.
~ A mole is a unit of 6*10^23.
~One mole of carbon atoms has a mass of exactly 12 g.
~ Because magnesium atoms each have twice the mass of carbon atoms ( 24Mg compared with 12C), one mole of magnesium has a mass of 24 g.
~ Rather, one mole of any element has a mass in grams that is equal to its relative atomic mass.
