Question

Majka Company was started on January 1, Year 1. During Year 1, the company experienced the following three accounting events: (1) earned cash revenues of $29,500, (2) paid cash expenses of $13,500, and (3) paid a $1,800 cash dividend to its stockholders. These were the only events that affected the company during Year 2016.
a. Create an accounting equation and record the effects of each accounting event under the appropriate general ledger account headings.

b. Prepare an income statement, statement of changes in stockholders’ equity, and a balance sheet dated December 31, 2016, for Majka Company.

c. Explain why the income statement uses different terminology to date the income statement than is used to date the balance sheet.

Answer 1

Answer:

Majka Company

a) Accounting equation to record effects of each event:

1. Assets (Cash) increased $29,500 = Liabilities + Equity (Retained Earnings) increased $29,500.

2. Assets (Cash) decreased $13,500 = Liabilities + Equity (Retained Earnings) decreased $13,500.

3. Assets (Cash) decreased $1,800 = Liabilities + Equity (Retained Earnings) decreased $1,800.

b) Income Statement, Statement of Changes in Stockholders' Equity, and a Balance Sheet dated December 31, 2016:

1) Income Statement for the year ended December 31, 2016:

Sales                        $29,500

Expenses                ($13,500)

Net Income             $16,000

Dividend                   ($1,800)

Retained Earnings $14,200

2) Statement of Changes in Stockholders' Equity:

Retained Earnings b/f  $0

Net Income                  $16,000

Dividend                        ($1,800)

Retained Earnings      $14,200        

3. Balance Sheet as at December 31, 2016:

Assets:

Cash ($29,500 - 13,500 - 1,800) $14,200

Liabilities + Equity:

Equity: Retained Earnings           $14,200

c) Reason for different terminology to date income statement and balance sheet:

Income statement is prepared for an accounting period.  It covers a specified period, while a balance sheet is prepared as at an accounting date.  This means that one can prepare a balance sheet daily, or even after each transaction.  But, an income statement covers a period of time, say a month, a quarter, or six months, or a year, as the case may be.

Explanation:

Income Statement, Changes in Equity, and the Balance Sheet are important financial statements, which a business prepares to report its financial performance (results), the changes that occur in owners' equity, and the financial position respectively.