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Whitepunk [10]
3 years ago
15

How many electrons does ga lose to achive noble gas arrangement?

Chemistry
1 answer:
Alchen [17]3 years ago
3 0
Gallium has 31 electrons (₃₁Ga 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 3d¹⁰ 4s² 4p¹) and if loses 13 electrons, gallium would have configuration of noble gas argon with 18 electrons (₁₈Ar 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶), but that is not possible, so gallium only loses three electrons and has electron configuration:
₃₁Ga³⁺ 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 3d¹⁰.
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Answer: option D. The attractive forces between the sodium and chloride ions are overcome by the attractive forces between the water and the sodium and chloride ions.

Explanation:

<em>Solid sodium chloride</em> (NaCl) is a ionic compound formed by ionic bonds between by the positive, metallic cations of sodium atom, Na⁺, and the negative, non-meatllic anions of chlorine atom, Cl⁻ (chloride).

Ionic bonds, then, are the electrostatic attracion between oppositely charged particles (cations and anions).

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<em>When solid sodium chloride dissolves in water</em>, the ions (cations and anions) are separated in the solvent (water) due to the superior attracitve forces between such ions and the polar water molecules.

<em>Water</em> (H₂O) is a molecule, formed by polar covalent bonds between two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom.

The polarity of water molecule is due to the fact that oxygen atoms are more electronegative than hydrogen atoms, which cause that the electron density is closer to oxygen nuclei than to hydrogen nuclei. This asymmetry in the electron density conferes a partial positive charge over each hydrogen atom and a partial negative charge over the oxygen atoms.

Thus, the positively charged hydrogen atoms attract and surround the negative chloride (Cl⁻) anions, while the negatively charged oxygen atoms attract and surround the positive sodium (Na⁺) cations. It is only because the attractive forces between the water and the sodium and chloride ions are stronger than the attractive forces between the sodiium and chloride ions that such ions may be kept separated in the solution. This process is called solvation and the ions are said to be solvated by the water molecules.

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The labeled diagram is given in the image attached.

As it can be seen from the image that freezing is when energy is removed from the system at 0 ⁰ while melting is when energy is added at 0⁰.

Also when energy is added at 100⁰C, it causes boiling while when it is removed at 100⁰C, it causes condensation.


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