Answer:
This is google's answer for the last question
Explanation:
The kinetic energy increases as the particles move faster. The potential energy increases as the particles move farther apart. How are thermal energy and temperature related? When the temperature of an object increases, the average kinetic energy of its particles increases.
Answer:
order = SrS > SrCl2 > RbCl > CsBr
Explanation:
Comparison of the melting points of compounds is basically dependent on the charge on their cation and anion, the more the charges on the cation and anion, the stronger and greater the force of attraction and as such the melting point will be relatively higher as well.
The ionic radii is also another factor to be considered, the more the distance between ions, the lesser the bond strength and the lesser the melting point.
from the options, in terms of ionic radii SrS > SrCl2 and RbCl > CsBr
also both SrS and SrCl2 have more charges on their ions compared to RbCl and CsBr and as such the arrangement of the highest melting point will be in the order SrS > SrCl2 > RbCl > CsBr.
Sugar, on the other hand, is composed of carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen and has covalent bonds. A salt molecule is made up of one sodium atom and one chlorine atom.
<span>I did some investigation and summarized the process and made a clearer explanation so those who are confused can imagine the process better :) A scientific theory attempts to explain and describe why things happen. Hypotheses are formed and experiments are done to validate or toss the hypothesis based on the data collected. The Atomic Theory has gone through lots of refining as a scientific theory. For instance, William Crookes conduced an experiment with cathode ray tubes powered by electricity that glowed when powered. Crookes placed an object in between the positive and negative electrode and concluded that the shadow made on the positive side was small particles of matter traveling from the negative side. But more evidence was needed so, later on, J.J. Thomson continued Crookes experiment. He tested what would happen if a negative or positive charged rod was placed along the ray tubes and if it would differ if a different element was used as the negative electrode. Thomson found out that the beam had negatively charged particles and that even if the negative electrode is substituted, the glow is still present, meaning that all elements also had the small negative particles. These particles(now known as electrons) were smaller than the atom and were added to the model of the atom dispersed throughout the neutrally charged atom inside its positive sphere. Now came along Rutherford hoping to support Thomsons model by firing positively charged particles at a thin gold foil thinking it would go straight through the foil, but instead it evenly distributed as they went through the foil, concluding that atoms have a small, dense nucleus(containing positive protons and most of the mass of the atom) that deflected the particles passing through. This was a drastic change in the model now knowing that 1 proton has 2000 times the mass of an electron, but its positive charge cancels the negative electron. After WW1, Chadwick and others were seeing that sometimes the mass of the atom was greater than the mass of the protons and the number of protons was less than the mass of the atom. So it was thought that there were extra electrons and protons adding mass in the nucleus but cancelling their charges, but Rutherford proposed a particle with mass but no charge and called it a neutron; made of paired protons and electrons. But scientists kept studying atoms since there was no evidence of the neutron. Chadwick repeated these experiments though, in hopes to find the neutron and succeeded in 1932, finding it in the nucleus with a close mass to the proton. Thanks to these experiments for refining a scientific theory, we now have a clearer model of the atom.</span>
Enthalpy is a state function
Explanation:
The Hess's law allows us to determine the enthalpy change of a reaction because enthalpy is a state function. It does not depend on the individual path take in going from reactants to products in the reaction.
- Enthalpy changes are the heat changes accompanying physical and chemical changes.
- It is the difference between the heat content of product in the final state and the reactants.
- Enthalpy changes for some reactions are not easily measurable experimentally.
- To calculate such heat changes, we apply the Hess's law of heat summation.
- The law states that "the heat change of a reaction is the same whether it occurs in a step or several steps".
- The Hess's law is simply based on the first law of thermodynamics by which we know that energy is conserved in every system.
learn more:
Hess's law brainly.com/question/11293201
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