Alkynes are reduced to trans alkenes by a process called dissolving metal reduction. The reaction uses sodium or lithium metal a
s the reducing agent and liquid ammonia as the solvent. The method is specific in the formation of trans alkenes from alkynes. The method involves two successive transfers of single electrons from the alkali metal to the triple bond, with abstraction of protons from the ammonia solvent.Draw curved arrows to show the movement of electrons in this step of the mechanism.Arrow-pushing Instructions
1 answer:
Answer:
Explanation:
The movement of the electrons is illustrated in the picture attached to this answer. It is a four-step reaction mechanism.
First STEP: The first step involves the transfer of an electron from sodium to form a radical anion.
Second STEP: This radical anion then removes a proton/hydrogen from ammonia in a bid to neutralize itself (hence the hydrogen becomes bonded to the anion).
Third STEP: The sodium (from NaNH₂ formed) transfers an electron again to produce a vinyl carbanion.
Fourth STEP: The carbanion then removes a proton/hydrogen from ammonia (like in the second step) to form a neutral trans-alkene.
NOTE: The circled numbers denote each step while the mechanism on the left represents the use of any alkyl group (R and R') while the mechanism on the right assumes both alkyl groups are methyl. Hence, 2-butyne started the reaction and the final product was trans-2-butene.
You might be interested in
Answer:
Latitude:
Longitude:
Explanation:
Lets begin by explaining the meaning of latitude and longitude as geogrephical coordinates:
Latitude is the angular distance between the equatorial line, and a specific point on the Earth. It is measured in degrees and is represented according to the hemisphere in which the point is located, which can be north or south latitude.
In this sense latitude refers to the equatorial line that divides the Earth in two hemispheres (North and South).
Longitude represents the specific east–west position of a point on the Earth's surface, being longitude the prime meridian or Greenwich meridian.
So, according to the figure, where the model of the Earth is divided by latitude lines separated by and the longitude lines separated by
; we only have to count the lines from the equator to the line where the point A is, and count the lines fromo the Prime meridian to the line where point A is located.
Hence, point A location is:
Latitude:
Longitude: