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Lilit [14]
3 years ago
11

Alkynes are reduced to trans alkenes by a process called dissolving metal reduction. The reaction uses sodium or lithium metal a

s the reducing agent and liquid ammonia as the solvent. The method is specific in the formation of trans alkenes from alkynes. The method involves two successive transfers of single electrons from the alkali metal to the triple bond, with abstraction of protons from the ammonia solvent.Draw curved arrows to show the movement of electrons in this step of the mechanism.Arrow-pushing Instructions

Chemistry
1 answer:
NISA [10]3 years ago
6 0

Answer:

Explanation:

The movement of the electrons is illustrated in the picture attached to this answer. It is a four-step reaction mechanism.

First STEP: The first step involves the transfer of an electron from sodium to form a radical anion.

Second STEP: This radical anion then removes a proton/hydrogen from ammonia in a bid to neutralize itself (hence the hydrogen becomes bonded to the anion).

Third STEP: The sodium (from NaNH₂ formed) transfers an electron again to produce a vinyl carbanion.

Fourth STEP: The carbanion then removes a proton/hydrogen from ammonia (like in the second step) to form a neutral trans-alkene.

NOTE: The circled numbers denote each step while the mechanism on the left represents the use of any alkyl group (R and R') while the mechanism on the right assumes both alkyl groups are methyl. Hence, 2-butyne started the reaction and the final product was trans-2-butene.

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give the chemical composition of the followings : Name Chemical Composition Coal gas Water gas Producer gas Natural gas
Assoli18 [71]

Answer:

Below.

Explanation:

Coal gas is a mixture of a variety of gases: inflammable gases including, hydrogen, methane, ethylene, carbon monoxide and volatile hydrocarbons and small amounts of non flammable gases like nitrogen and carbon dioxide.

Water gas consists mainly of carbon monoxide and hydrogen.

Producer gas is similar to water gas and consists mainly of carbon monoxide and hydrogen together with nitrogen and carbon dioxide.

Natural gas occurs naturally and consists mainly of methane with small amounts of other hydrocarbon gases.

8 0
3 years ago
How many liters of O2 gas will be produced at STP from 4 moles of KC1O3
quester [9]

Answer:

V = 134.5 L

Explanation:

Given data:

Number of moles of KClO₃ = 4 mol

Litters of oxygen produced at STP = ?

Solution:

Chemical equation:

2KClO₃  →  2KCl   + 3O₂

Now we will compare the moles of KClO₃ with oxygen.

                    KClO₃        :           O₂

                        2            :           3

                        4            ;          3/2×4 = 6 mol

Litters of oxygen at STP:

PV = nRT

V = nRT/P

V = 6 mol × 0.0821 atm.L/mol.K × 273 K / 1atm

V = 134.5 L / 1

V = 134.5 L

5 0
3 years ago
Ok this is the question i need help on first
just olya [345]
The answer to your question is green
3 0
2 years ago
Classify the following as Arrhenius, Bronsted-Lowry, or Lewis acid-base reactions. A reaction may fit all, two, one, or none of
nika2105 [10]

Answer:

I. Lewis acid-base reaction

II. Arrhenius, Brønsted-Lowry, and Lewis' acid-base reaction

III. Brønsted-Lowry and Lewis'acid-base reaction

IV. Lewis acid-base reaction

Explanation:

According to Arrhenius, an acid is a substance that dissolves in water to produce H+ ions, and a base is a substance that dissolves in water to produce hydroxide (OH−) ions.

In the reaction below, AH is an avid, BOH is a base reacting together to form a salt(A-B+) and water only.

AH + BOH ---> A-B+ + H2O

According to Brønsted-Lowry definition, an acid is any substance that can donate a proton, and a base is any substance that can accept a proton.

In the reaction below, AH is an acid while B is a base, reacting together to form an acid-base conjugate pair.

AH + B <-----> BH+ + A-

According to Lewis' definition, an acid is a species that accepts an electron pair while a base donates an electron pair resulting in a coordinate covalently bonded compound, also known as an adduct. In the reaction below, A+ is an acid, B- is a base, reacting together to form product A-B.

A+ + B- ------> A-B

Considering the above definitions;

I. Cu²+ + 4 Cl− ---> CuCl4²− is a Lewis acid-base reaction because it involves electron sharing only.

II. Al(OH)3 + 3HNO3 ---> Al3+ + 3H2O + 3 NO3− is an Arrhenius, Brønsted-Lowry, and a Lewis acid-base reaction because it involves protons, electrons and hydroxide ions.

III. N2 + 3 H2 ---> 2NH3 is a Lewis acid-base reaction because it involves sharing of electrons only.

IV. CN− + H2O ---> HCN + OH is both a Lewis and Brønsted-Lowry acid-base reaction because both protons and electrons sharing is involved.

5 0
3 years ago
Which particle determines the nuclear charge?
Ivan

answer:

atomic number

the same chemical element is characterized by the number of protons in the nucleus that determines the total positive charge.

3 0
3 years ago
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