Explanation:
The battery is a store of internal energy (shown as chemical energy). The energy is transferred through the wires to the lamp, which then transfers the energy to the surroundings as light. These are the useful energy transfers - we use electric lamps to light up our rooms.
Answer:
Gases
Solids
Liquids
Explanation:
A)The molecules are a great distance apart, moving very rapidly, with negligible interaction. The substance occupies all the space available.
Gases
The state of matter described above is for gases. The distances between gases are far apart and they have very weak intermolecular attraction. They have no fixed volume as they occupy any volume of space they are introduced into.
B)The molecules are only able to vibrate rapidly about fixed positions. The substance does not need a container to maintain its shape.
Solids
Solids have fixed shape and volume. They are held together in their fixed lattice and are only able to rapidly vibrate about their fixed positions.
C)The molecules move about amongst each other, with attractive forces between them. The substance does not necessarily fill its container.
Liquids
The state of matter described here are the liquids. Liquids flow amongst each other. The attractive force between them is greater than that of gases but lesser than those of solids.
Answer:
Convective zone, chromosphere, corona
Explanation:
A star like the Sun is divided into different layers according to pressure, density, temperature, and the mechanics of energy transport (in the case of the convective zone and radiative zone) for each of those layers.
In stars, there is an equilibrium between two forces, the force of gravity in the inward direction due to their own mass and the radiation pressure in the upward direction as a consequence of the nuclear reaction in their core, that is known as hydrostatic equilibrium.
That leads to different layers according with the properties described above.
Near the core, in the Sun, there is a radiative zone since radiation is the best mechanism of energy transport in this area. Then, in the next layer, it can be found that convection becomes a more efficient way of energy transport that radiation due to the fact that the inner part of the convection zone is at a greater temperature than the outer one.
Finally, there is the atmosphere of the Sun (chromosphere, photosphere, and corona).
Key terms:
Convection: Transport of energy due to different in density and temperature of a material (liquid, gas).
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Answer:
In 1954 modern solar cells were invented at Bell Labs with the intent of powering satellites. For many years solar remained expensive but today prices have come down and solar electricity is everywhere. Our satellites and the Mars rover are solar powered, as are homes, toys, outdoor lighting and solar battery packs to charge our electronic devices. Importantly solar electricity is bringing light to the one billion people around the world who live without power. Often these solar lights are replacing kerosene or candles as light sources in the home. Let’s look at some frequently asked questions about solar lights and how they are changing the world.
What are solar lights made of? Solar lights are made up of four main components: the solar photovoltaic (PV) panel, battery, control electronics and the light fixture. When the sun is out, a solar panel takes the light from the sun and produces electrical energy. The energy can then be used immediately or stored in a battery. The goal of most solar lights is to provide power at night, so they will definitely contain a battery, or be capable of attaching to a battery. The battery itself may not need to have a large capacity, due to the availability of solar energy, but it should be long lasting to account for difficulties replacing batteries in many places across the globe.
The advent of the Light Emitting Diode (LED) for the light fixture has drastically reduced the capacity needs of both the solar panels and the batteries. They use significantly less energy than other types of lighting, so the solar panel and battery can be smaller (more transportable and less expensive). The control electronics are required to move the energy around the system, keep the system safe, and potentially switch on or off your light, depending on the level of light it’s exposed to. Solar lights made for outdoor lighting will often turn on automatically when it gets dark outside. Some solar lights made for reading will turn off during daylight hours to preserve the solar charge, but won’t turn on until they are powered on by a user.
How is solar energy produced? Let’s look a little more deeply into the science behind solar electricity. Solar energy is produced due to the photovoltaic effect. A photovoltaic panel (also known as solar cell) converts sunlight into electrical energy. The solar cell is made up of multiple layers of crystalline silicon and chemicals that create layers of negatively-charged electrons and positively-charged spaces. When light passes through the solar cell, it excites the negatively-charged electrons and pushes them into the positively-charged spaces. Those spaces then transfer the electron stream as direct current of electricity through the wires in the solar cell for use or to a battery where the power is stored until it is needed.
Explanation:
