Answer:

Explanation:
d = Diameter of spot = 30 μm
r = Radius of spot = 
P = Power of the laser = 
A = Area = 
Intensity is given by

The light intensity within this spot is 
<u>Answer :</u>
(a) d = 0.25 m
(b) d = 0.5 m
<u>Explanation :</u>
It is given that,
Frequency of sound waves, f = 686 Hz
Speed of sound wave at
is, v = 343 m/s
(1) Perfectly destructive interference occurs when the path difference is half integral multiple of wavelength i.e.
........(1)
Velocity of sound wave is given by :




Hence, when the speakers are in phase the smallest distance between the speakers for which the interference of the sound waves is perfectly destructive is 0.25 m.
(2) For constructive interference, the path difference is integral multiple of wavelengths i.e.
( n = integers )
Let n = 1
So, 


Hence, the smallest distance between the speakers for which the interference of the sound waves is maximum constructive is 0.5 m.
Answer: A method of classifying stars by their temperatures and compositions.
Explanation:
The force of gravity between two objects is:
F = G*m1*m2/r^2
So, it is dependent of the two masses and the distance between their centers of mass.