Answer: 
Explanation:
We know that the formula for acceleration is given by:
, where v = Final velocity
u= Initial velocity
Given : The driver of a car traveling 110 km/h slams on the brakes so that the car undergoes a constant acceleration.
i.e. u= 110 km/h 
[∵ 1 km= 100 meters and 1 hour = 3600 seconds]
v= 0 m/s ( At brake , final velocity becomes 0)
t=4.5 seconds
Substitute all the values in the formula , we get
Hence, the average acceleration of the car during braking is .
Nuclear binding energy is necessary to overcome EINSTEIN'S MASS DEFECT. Nuclear binding energy refers to the energy required to separate an atomic nucleus into its constituent elements, that is protons and electrons. The mass of a nucleus is always less than the sum of all its constituents. The difference is a measure of the nuclear binding energy which holds the nucleus together and it is called mass defect and can be calculated for using Einstein's formula for mass defect.
Calculation of moisture content. Calculate the moisture content on a wet-weight basis using the following formula: Moisture content (%) = W2 - W3 x 100 W2-W1. where, W1 = weight of container with lid; W2 = weight of container with lid and sample before drying; and W3 = weight of container with lid and sample after drying.
The optical fibers are thin, thus, the light entering from one side of the wire surface has more chances to reflect back from the inside surface due to the larger angle of incidence.
The angle of the strike is large due to the small size of the wire and this angle is greater than the critical angle.
As the angle of the incident light on the inside surface is greater than the critical angle, thus, the total internal reflection of the takes place.
Hence, there are more chances of total internal reflection of light inside the optical fiber wire than the emergence of light through the wire.
