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3 years ago

Explain how atoms(ions) are held together in an ionic bond. Give an example of an ionic compound

2 answers:

7 0

Ionic bond is described as the chemical bond between two oppositely charged ions. In ionic bond the metal loses electron forming a positively charged cation and a non metal which accept the cation to form a negatively charged anion. In ionic bond the atoms are held together by electrostatic force of attraction. In ionic bond the anions and cations are present in the ratio where the total charge of the compound becomes zero. For example, Let us consider NaCl compound. An atom of the sodium has three electrons in its valency shell and the electrons are removed from the outer most shell by applying the energy of 5.14 electron volts. The chlorine atom lacks an electron to attain stable electronic configuration and it accepts the electron from the sodium by releasing 3.62 electron volts of energy which means that it takes only 1.52 electron volts of energy to donate an electron to chlorine when both the atoms are far apart. When these electrons are brought together their electric potential becomes more negative. This means that if the neutral sodium and chlorine atoms are found themselves closer it would be energetically favourable to transfer electrons from sodium to chlorine thus resulting in the formation of the ionic bond.

fgiga [73]3 years ago

5 0

The ions in an ionic bond are held together by electrostatic attraction between the anions and cations in the compound.

For example, sodium chloride [NaCl] (more commonly known as salt) has positively charged sodium [Na+] ions, or cations, and negatively charged chlorine [Cl-] ions, or anions, holding the compound together.

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When you combine 50.0 mL of 0.100 M AgNO3 with 50.0 mL of 0.100 M HCl in a coffee-cup calorimeter, the temperature changes from

RideAnS [48]

Answer : The enthalpy of reaction $(\Delta H_{rxn})$ is, 67.716 KJ/mole

Explanation :

First we have to calculate the moles of $AgNO_3$ and $HCl$ .

$\text{Moles of }AgNO_3=\text{Molarity of }AgNO_3\times \text{Volume}=(0.100mole/L)\times (0.05L)=0.005mole$

$\text{Moles of }HCl=\text{Molarity of }HCl\times \text{Volume}=(0.100mole/L)\times (0.05L)=0.005mole$

Now we have to calculate the moles of AgCl formed.

The balanced chemical reaction will be,

$AgNO_3(aq)+HCl(aq)\rightarrow AgCl(s)+HNO_3(aq)$

As, 1 mole of $AgNO_3$ react with 1 mole of $HCl$ to give 1 mole of $AgCl$

So, 0.005 mole of $AgNO_3$ react with 0.005 mole of $HCl$ to give 1 mole of $AgCl$

The moles of AgCl formed = 0.005 mole

Total volume of the solution = 50.0 ml + 50.0 ml = 100.0 ml

Now we have to calculate the mass of solution.

Mass of the solution = Density of the solution × Volume of the solution

Mass of the solution = 1.00 g/ml × 100.0 ml = 100 g

Now we have to calculate the heat.

$q=m\times C\Delta T=m\times C \times (T_2-T_1)$

where,

q = heat

C = specific heat capacity = $4.18J/g^oC$

m = mass = 100 g

$T_2$ = final temperature = $24.21^oC$

$T_1$ = initial temperature = $23.40^oC$

Now put all the given values in the above expression, we get:

$q=100g\times (4.18J/g^oC)\times (24.21-23.40)^oC$

$q=338.58J$

Now we have to calculate the enthalpy of the reaction.

$\Delta H_{rxn}=\frac{q}{n}$

where,

$\Delta H_{rxn}$ = enthalpy of reaction = ?

q = heat of reaction = 338.58 J

n = moles of reaction = 0.005 mole

Now put all the given values in above expression, we get:

$\Delta H_{rxn}=\frac{338.58J}{0.005mole}=6771.6J/mole=67.716KJ/mole$

Conversion used : (1 KJ = 1000 J)

Therefore, the enthalpy of reaction $(\Delta H_{rxn})$ is, 67.716 KJ/mole

4 0

3 years ago

The vapor pressure of substance X is 100. mm Hg at 1080.°C. The vapor pressure of substance X increases to 600. mm Hg at 1220.°C

artcher [175]

Explanation:

The given data is as follows.

$P_{1}$ = 100 mm Hg or $\frac{100}{760}atm$ = 0.13157 atm

$T_{1}$ = $1080 ^{o}C$ = (1080 + 273) K = 1357 K

$T_{2}$ = $1220 ^{o}C$ = (1220 + 273) K = 1493 K

$P_{2}$ = 600 mm Hg or $\frac{600}{760}atm$ = 0.7895 atm

R = 8.314 J/K mol

According to Clasius-Clapeyron equation,

$log(\frac{P_{2}}{P_{1}}) = \frac{\Delta H_{vap}}{2.303R}[\frac{1}{T_{1}} - \frac{1}{T_{2}}$

$log(\frac{0.7895}{0.13157}) = \frac{\Delta H_{vap}}{2.303 \times 8.314 J/mol K}[\frac{1}{1357 K} - \frac{1}{1493 K}]$

$log (6) = \frac{\Delta H_{vap}}{19.147}[\frac{(1493 - 1357) K}{1493 K \times 1357 K}]$

0.77815 = $\frac{\Delta H_{vap}}{19.147J/K mol} \times 6.713 \times 10^{-5} K$

$\Delta H_{vap}$ = $2.219 \times 10^{5}$ J/mol

= $2.219 \times 10^{5}J/mol \times 10^{-3}\frac{kJ}{1 J}$

= 221.9 kJ/mol

Thus, we can conclude that molar heat of vaporization of substance X is 221.9 kJ/mol.

4 0

3 years ago

What is the Molarity of a solution of HNO3 if it contains 12.6 moles in a 0.75 L solution? *

Korolek [52]

Answer:

M = 16.8 M

Explanation:

Data: HNO3

moles = 12.6 moles

solution volume = 0.75 L

Molarity is represented by the letter M and is defined as the amount of solute expressed in moles per liter of solution.

$M=\frac{moles}{solution volume}$

The data is replaced in the given equation:

$M=\frac{12.6 mol}{0.75L}=16.8\frac{mol}{L}$

7 0

3 years ago

Read 2 more answers

What is paper chromatography? Calculate the Rr value of a colored dye that traveled 52 mm on a chromatography strip while the so

Karo-lina-s [1.5K]

Answer:

Paper chromatography is a basic technique of chromatography. It consist in the separation of the mixe components using a solvent.

Explanation:

Paper chromatography is a basic technique of chromatography. It consists in the separation of the mixed components using a solvent.

Paper chromatography consists of put some dot of the mix using a glass capillary into a specialized paper, generally made of cellulose, this is called a stationary phase.

Then you put this paper into a camera of glass named, chromatography camera, where previously contain a solvent. The solvent also know as a mobile phase, the type can be defined before the test and involves a study of the kind of the mix, and the compound you want to separate.

The chromatography camera has to be closed all the time during the test, and you can't move at all because the movement of the solvent can alternate the result.

Very often, the solution of the solvent is a mix of different liquid substances with different polarities.

When the stationary phase put into the camera, the solvent starts to move up over the paper, until the separation of the compounds is observable.

the Rf is a value who relates the move of the mobile phase with the move of the distance traveled by the substance tested.

To undersant the paper chromatography, you can watch the images attached.

The first is an image of the chromatography camera.

The second one is an image of a cellulose paper after the chromatography is done. You can watch the dots who indicates the traveling of the compound across the paper.

The third one can show you the evolutions of paper chromatography, from the beginning to the end.

To calculate the Rf value you have to use the equation:

Rf = distance traveled by the substance/distance traveled by the solvent/

Rf = 52mm/81mm =0.64

3 0

3 years ago

Which equation is correctly balanced?

ludmilkaskok [199]

Answer:

C) 2 H₂ + O₂ → 2 H₂O

Explanation:

4 atoms of hydrogen on reactant side

2 atoms of oxygen on reactant side

4 atoms of hydrogen on product side

2 atoms of oxygen on product side

6 0

3 years ago