Answer:
Offset bits: 3-bits
Set number of cache: 12-bits
Tag bits: 7-bits
22-bit physical address
Explanation:
Since the system is 32K so,
=2⁵.2¹⁰
=2¹⁵
As we know that it is 8-way set associative so,
=2¹⁵/2³
=2¹⁵⁻³
=2¹²
2¹² are cache blocks
22-bit physical address
Off-set bits are 3 as they are calulated from 8-way set associative information.
Set number of cache : 12-bits
For tag-bits:
Add off-set bits and cache bits and subtract from the total bits of physical address.
=22 - (12+3)
=22 - 15
=7
Answer:
Draft
Explanation:
Draft is a specific folder in email that is meant to store partially finished mails and mails which has been created but is not sent . Draft folders helps in reducing rework on the mail if one is interrupted while writing the mail. Another purpose of draft folder was that if anyone accidentally closes the mail writing section then the content of mail is not lost and can be easily be obtained in draft folder. It also helps in tracking unsent and unfinished mail for the user.
Since, message written by Alexa is saved at different points but is not sent then if the mail is to be sent, then one needs to look for that mail in Draft folder.
Answer:
The answer is by using a covert channel like shared memory objects such as files, directories,messages, etc since both the user and the sender of the document are on same network of the company.
Explanation:
The Bell LaPadula MultiLevel Security model was a security policy developed by Bell and LaPadula in 1973 in response to a security issue raised by the US Air Force regarding file-sharing mainframe computers . Actually, many people with networked systems have realized by early 1970s that the protection purportedly offered by many commercial operating systems was poor, and wa not getting better any time soon. This was observed when it was noticed that as one operating system error was fixed, some other vulnerability would be discovered. There was also the constant worry that various unskilled users would discover loopholes in the operating system during usage and use them to their own advantage.
Information release may take place via shared memory objects such as files, directories, messages, and so on. Thus, a Trojan Horse acting on behalf of a user could release user-private information using legitimate operating system requests. Although developers can build various mechanisms within an operating system to restrict the activity of programs (and Trojan Horses) operating on behalf of a user , there is no general way, short of implementing nondiscretionary policy models, to restrict the activity of such programs. Thus, given that discretionary models cannot prevent the release of sensitive information through legitimate program activity, it is not meaningful to consider how these programs might release information illicitly by using covert channels.
For example, for someone with higher integrity level (SECRET) to send an accounts payable application to a user, if the untrusted accounts payable application contains a Trojan Horse, the Trojan Horse program could send a (legal) message to the said user process running at a lower integrity level (CONFIDENTIAL), thereby initiating the use of a covert channel. In this covert channel, the Trojan Horse is the receiver of (illegal) lower integrity-level input and the user process is the sender of this input.
Answer:
the ergonomics To prevent a laptop from being stolen, you can use a surge protector. False; To prevent laptops from being stolen, you can use a cable lock. What is a digital certificate?
