Taking into account the atomic numbers (and not specific isotopes of each element) this list contains the radiactive elements ir order of atomic number.
The atomic number is Z. <span><span> </span><span>Tecnecium, Tc : Z = 43
<span>Prometium, Pm: Z = 61
</span></span>P<span>olonium, Po: Z = 84
</span><span>Astatine, At: Z = 85
</span><span>Radon, Rn: Z = 86
</span><span>Francium, Fr: Z = 87
</span><span>Radium, Ra: Z = 88
Actinium Ac: Z = 89
</span>Thorium, Th: Z = 90
Protactinium, <span>Pa: Z = 91
<span /></span><span>Uranium, U: Z = 92
Neptunium, Np: Z = 93
</span>Plutonium, <span>Pu: Z = 94
<span /></span><span>Americium, Am: Z = 95
</span><span>Curium, Cm: Z = 96
<span /></span><span>Berkelium, Bk: Z = 97
Californium, Cf: Z = 98
</span><span>Einstenium, Es: Z = 99
</span>Fermium, Fm: Z = 100
<span /><span>Mendelevium, Md: Z = 101
</span><span>Nobelium, No: Z = 102
</span><span>Lawrencium, Lr: Z = 103
</span><span>Rutherfordium, Rf: Z = 104
</span><span>Dubnium, Db: Z = 105
</span><span>Seaborgium, Sg: Z = 106
</span><span>Bhorium, Bh: Z = 107
</span><span>Hassium, Hs: Z = 108
</span><span>Meitnerium, Mt: Z = 109
</span><span>Darmstadium, Ds: Z = 110
</span><span>Roentgenium, Rg: Z = 111
</span><span>Copernicium, Cn: Z = 112
</span><span><span>Nihonium, </span>Nh: Z = 113
</span><span>Flerovium, Fl: Z = 114
</span><span><span>Moscovium</span>, Mc: Z = 115
</span><span>Livermorium, Lv: Z = 116
</span><span>Tennessine, Ts: Z = 117
</span><span>Oganesson, Og: Z = 118
</span></span>Remeber, other elements, although are not radiactive, do have radiactive isotopes.
The oxidation reduction reactions are called redox reaction. These reactions are take place by gaining and losing the electrons and oxidation state of elements are changed.
Oxidation:
Oxidation involve the removal of electrons and oxidation state of atom of an element is increased.
Reduction:
Reduction involve the gain of electron and oxidation number is decreased.
Consider the following reactions.
4KI + 2CuCl₂ → 2CuI + I₂ + 4KCl
the oxidation state of copper is changed from +2 to +1 so copper get reduced.
CO + H₂O → CO₂ + H₂
the oxidation state of carbon is +2 on reactant side and on product side it becomes +4 so carbon get oxidized.
Na₂CO₃ + H₃PO₄ → Na₂HPO₄ + CO₂ + H₂O
The oxidation state of carbon on reactant side is +4. while on product side is also +4 so it neither oxidized nor reduced.
H₂S + 2NaOH → Na₂S + 2H₂O
The oxidation sate of sulfur is -2 on reactant side and in product side it is also -2 so it neither oxidized nor reduced.
Oxidizing agents:
Oxidizing agents oxidize the other elements and itself gets reduced.
Reducing agents:
Reducing agents reduced the other element are it self gets oxidized.
The average atomic mass of oxygen is the atomic mass with respect to 1/12th the mass of a C-12 atom, related to natural abundance. amu - atomic mass units O-16 - 15.995 amu O-17 - 16.999 amu O-18 - 17.999 amu the average atomic mass is 15.9994 amu average atomic mass = ∑atomic mass of each isotope * relative abundance percentage in other words the average atomic mass is closer to the atomic mass of the most abundant isotope. In this case 15.9994 is closest to 15.995 amu which is the atomic mass of O-16. This means that O-16 is the most abundant isotope.
The particles inside a salt crystal are ions. The electrostatic attraction between the positive ions are the negative ions is responsible for the crystal structure. In last stay, the protons are responsible for the positive charge and the electrons for the negative charge. Then you can say that the interaction proton-electron is responsible for the force of attraction between the particles in a salt crystal.
