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3 years ago

In terms of positive and negative charges what causes lightning?

Physics

1 answer:

erik [133]3 years ago

7 0

Answer:

Electrostatic Discharge during the equalization of the separated positively and negatively charged electrostatic charges in the storm clouds.

Explanation:

In nature, lightning occurs during the discharge of the large charges contained in the separated positively and negatively particles in the atmosphere in the process equalizing (neutralizing) of the charges, leading to the release of instantaneous energy in the form of heat, light and sound

During a storm, as the clouds mixes by the wind with different densities, they rub each other forming electrostatic charges. The lighter positively charged particles rise to the top clouds while the heavier negatively charged particles move to the bottom. The charges continue to add up to a point where their magnitudes is large enough such that a big spark or lightening occurs between the positive and negative charges during the process of re-equalization of the charges to revert to neutrality.

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Water enters the constant 130-mm inside-diameter tubes of a boiler at 7 MPa and 65°C and leaves the tubes at 6 MPa and 450°C wit

snow_lady [41]

The inlet velocity is 1.4 m/s and inlet volume is 0.019 m³/s.

Explanation:

When water entering the tube of constant diameter flows through the tube, it exhibits continuity of mass in the hydrostatics. So the mass of water moving from the inlet to the outlet tend to be same, but the velocity may differ.

As per mass flow equality which states that the rate of flow of mass in the inlet is equal to the product of area of the tube with the velocity of the water and the density of the tube.

Since, the inlet volume flow is measured as the product of velocity with the area.

Inlet volume flow=Inlet velocity*Area*time

And the mass flow rate is

Mass flow rate in the inlet=density*area*inlet velocity*time

Mass flow rate in the outlet=density*area*outlet velocity*time

Since, the time and area is constant, the inlet and outlet will be same as

(Mass inlet)/(density*inlet velocity)=Area*Time

(Mass outlet)/(density*outlet velocity)=Area*Time

As the ratio of mass to density is termed as specific volume, then

(Specific volume inlet)/(Inlet velocity)=(Specific volume outlet)/(Outlet velocity)

Inlet velocity= (Specific volume inlet)/(Specific volume outlet)*Outlet velocity

As, the specific volume of water at inlet is 0.001017 m³/kg and at outlet is 0.05217 m³/kg and the outlet velocity is given as 72 m/s, the inlet velocity

$Inlet velocity = \frac{0.001017}{0.05217}*72 =1.4035 m/s$

So, the inlet velocity is 1.4035 m/s.

Then the inlet volume will be

$Inlet volume = inlet velocity*area of circle=\pi r^{2}*inlet velocity$

As the diameter of tube is 130 mm, then the radius is 65 mm and inlet velocity is 1.4 m/s

$Inlet volume = 1.4*3.14*65*65*10^{-6} =0.019 \frac{m^{3} }{s}$

So, the inlet volume is 0.019 m³/s.

Thus, the inlet velocity is 1.4 m/s and inlet volume is 0.019 m³/s.

4 0

3 years ago

16. Kinematic equations can only be used if...

Effectus [21]

the acceleration or the next force acting on the body is constant

7 0

3 years ago

How much work is done lifting a 12-m chain that is initially coiled on the ground and has a density 2 kg/m so that its top end i

Misha Larkins [42]

Answer:

2587.2 J.

Explanation:

From potential energy,

The work done to lift the chain = potential energy of the chain.

W = mgh............... Equation 1

Where W = work done to lift the chain, m = mass of the chain, g = acceleration due to gravity of the chain, h = height of the chain.

But,

m = m'd............... Equation 2

Where m' = density of the chain, d = length of the chain.

Substitute equation 2 into equation 1

W = m'dgh................ Equation 3

Given: m' = 2 kg/m, d = 12 m, h = 11 m, g = 9.8 m/s²

Substitute into equation 3

W = 2(12)(11)(9.8)

W = 2587.2 J.

3 0

3 years ago

A ball is thrown upward. The total time the ball remains in the air is 14 s. a) With what speed was the ball thrown upward? b) W

wolverine [178]

Answer:

a) Vi = 137.2 m/s

b) h = 960.4 m

Explanation:

In order to find the initial speed we will use first equation of motion:

Vf = Vi + gt

where,

Vf = Final velocity = 0 m/s (since ball stops at highest point)

Vi = Initial Velocity = ?

g = - 9.8 m/s² (negative sign for upward moyion)

t = time interval = 14 s

Therefore,

0 m/s = Vi + (-9.8 m/s²)(14 s)

Vi = 137.2 m/s

Now, we use second equation of motion to find height (h):

h = Vi t + (1/2)gt²

h = (137.2 m/s)(14 s) + (1/2)(-9.8 m/s²)(14 s)²

h = 1920.8 m - 960.4 m

h = 960.4 m

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3 years ago

Most white dwarfs are __ most giant stars.

Sliva [168]

Most white dwarfs are hotter than most giant starts and the reason why is because they are very dense, and because they are so dense that's why they are so hot.

5 0

3 years ago