At a fundamental level, water provides electrons to replace those removed from chlorophyll in photosystem II. Also, water produces oxygen as well as reduces NADP to NADPH (required in the Calvin cycle) by liberating H+ ions
During the process of photosynthesis, six molecules of carbon dioxide and six molecules of water react in the presence of sunlight to form one glucose molecule and six molecules of oxygen. The role of water is to release oxygen (O) from the water molecule into the atmosphere in the form of oxygen gas (O2).
Water also has another important role of being an electron feeder. In the process of photosynthesis, water provides the electron that binds the hydrogen atom (of a water molecule) to the carbon (of carbon dioxide) to give sugar (glucose).
Water acts as a reducing agent by providing H+ ions that convert NADP to NADPH. Since NADPH is an important reducing agent present in chloroplasts, its production results in a deficit of electrons, resulting from oxidation of chlorophyll. This loss of electron must be fulfilled by electrons from some other reducing agent. Photosystem II involves the first few steps of the Z-scheme (the diagram of the electron transport chain in photosynthesis) and therefore a reducing agent that can donate electrons is required to oxidize chlorophyll, which is provided by water (acting as a source of electrons in green plants and cynobacteria). Hydrogen ions thus released create a chemical potential (chemiosmotic) across the membrane that finally results in synthesis of ATP. Photosystem II is the primary known enzyme that acts as catalyst in this oxidation of water.
Answer:
Economists can measure the performance of an economy by looking at gross domestic product (the market value of all goods and services produced by the economy in a given year.) In the United States, it is calculated by the Department of Commerce.
Explanation:
Answer:
The id
Explanation:
Id for Freud is the component of the personality composed of unconscious psychic energy that works to satisfy basic impulses, needs and desires. The id operates based on the pleasure principle, which requires the immediate satisfaction of needs. This according to his psychoanalytic theory of personality.
Also, the id is the only part of the personality that is present at birth. Freud also suggested that this primitive component of personality existed completely within the unconscious.
The id acts as the driving force behind the personality. It not only strives to fulfill our most basic impulses, many of which are directly linked to survival, but it also provides all the energy necessary to drive personality.
Answer:
The waters are generally crystal-clear, with submarine features clearly visible at depths of 100 feet (30 metres).They: protect coastlines from the damaging effects of wave action and tropical storms. provide habitats and shelter for many marine organisms. are the source of nitrogen and other essential nutrients for marine food chains.
Explanation:
Groups with specific but not dominant cultures that exist as part of those larger cultures are bounded cultures
This is further explained below.
<h3>What are
bounded cultures?</h3>
Generally, The phrase "culture-bound" refers to a situation in which a certain social behavior or trend can be traced back to its origins in the home country's culture.
By giving a culturally-specific name to a trend, it becomes simpler to identify its root cause and, as a result, more straightforward to identify acceptable responses, remedies, or even strategies to abstain from responding.
In conclusion, Bounded cultures are groups that live as a part of bigger cultures but have their own distinct cultures that are not dominant in the group.
Read more about bounded cultures
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