This is a typical example of R selection life strategy. These species, including the Atlantic cod, produce a large number of offspring with a low chance of surviving to adulthood. This strategy is particularly successful in environments that are unstable. The main advantage of this strategy in changing environments is that the ''cost'' of making offspring is very low, so you the species can produce large numbers offspring, ensuring that at least some of them will survive into adulthood and continue the species.
Natural selection, in this case, favors the individuals that are able to adapt the fastest to the changing conditions.
Answer:
When the solutions (including inside and outside) were replaced by NaCl, the membrane potential changes from a negative value of -60 mV to a positive value of + 60 mV.
Explanation:
According to the Nernst equation the potential of the membrane for a two-compartment model of a cell for positive gradient of K⁺ ions is V = - 60 mVlogK'/K where K' = inside concentration of K⁺ ions and K = outside concentration of K⁺ ions. For a 10 fold excess of KCl in the inside compartment, K'/K = 10. So,
V = - 60 mVlogK'/K = - 60 mVlog10 = -60 mV.
For a negative gradient of Na ions is V = + 60 mVlogK'/K where K' = inside concentration of Na⁺ ions and K = outside concentration of Na⁺ ions. (Since the cell is selectively permeable to Na⁺ ions. So, Na ions to not flow out but in.)For a 10 fold excess of NaCl in the inside compartment, K'/K = 10. So,
V = + 60 mVlogK'/K = + 60 mVlog10 = +60 mV.
So, when the solutions (including inside and outside) were replaced by NaCl, the membrane potential changes from a negative value of -60 mV to a positive value of + 60 mV.
Does this help?https://spaceplace.nasa.gov/how-many-moons/en/
The electron degeneracy pressure keeps white dwarf stars from collapsing in on themselves.
