I attached the full question.
We know that for a parallel-plate capacitor the surface charge density is given by the following formula:

Where V is the voltage between the plates and d is separation.
Voltage is by definition:

Voltage is analog to the mechanical work done by the force.
Above formula is correct only If the field is constant, and we can assume that it is since no function has been given.
The charge density would then be:

Please note that elecric permittivity of air is very close to elecric permittivity of vacum, it is common to use them <span>interchangeably</span>.
Answer:
<h3>Newton's 2nd law states acceleration is proportional to the net force acting on an object. The net force is the vector sum of all the forces applied to the object. ... In this case the acceleration (slowing down) of the puck is proportional to the amount of friction.</h3>
Explanation:
<h3>mark as brainliast</h3>
Answer:
To find the diameter of the wire, when the following are given:
Resistivity of the material (Rho), Current flowing in the conductor, I, Potential difference across the conductor ends, V, and length of the wire/conductor, L.
Using the ohm's law,
Resistance R = (rho*L)/A
R = V/I.
Crossectional area of the wire A = π*square of radius
Radius = sqrt(A/π)
Diameter = Radius/2 = [sqrt(A/π)]
Making A the subject of the formular
A = (rho* L* I)V.
From the result of A, Diameter can be determined using
Diameter = [sqrt(A/π)]/2. π is a constant with the value 22/7
Explanation:
Error and uncertainty can be measured varying the value of the parameters used and calculating different values of the diameters. Compare the values using standard deviation
If the group of all forces acting on an object is balanced,
then the effect of all of them is the same as if there were
no forces at all on the object. In that case, the object
continues moving in a straight line at a constant speed.
I think force is something to do with a force being applied to a movement or is just to pull but not sure sorry if this aint right