Question

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Answer 1

C. A could be ruby (speed of light = 170,000 km/s); B could be diamond (speed of light = 120,000 km/s).

Explanation:

Refraction is a phenomenon that occurs when a light rays crosses the boundary between two different mediums.

When this occurs, the light wave changes speed and also direction, according to Snell's law:

$n_1 sin \theta_1 = n_2 sin \theta_2$ (1)

where

$n_1$ is the index of refraction of the first medium

$n_2$ is the index of refraction of the second medium

$\theta_1$ is the angle of incidence (the angle between the incident ray and the normal to the boundary)

$\theta_2$ is the angle of refraction (the angle between the refracted ray and the normal to the boundary)

The index of refraction is the ratio between the speed of light in a vacuum (c) and the speed of light in the medium (v):

$n=\frac{c}{v}$

Using this definition, we can rewrite eq.(1) as

$\frac{\sin \theta_2}{\sin \theta_1} = \frac{v_2}{v_1}$

Where $v_2$ is the speed of light in the 2nd medium and $v_1$ the speed of light in the 1st medium.

Now let's analyze the situation represented in the figure: we see that as the light ray enters the 2nd medium, it bends towards the normal, this means that the angle of refraction is smaller than the angle of incidence:

$\theta_2 < \theta_1$

This means that

$\frac{\sin \theta_2}{\sin \theta_1}$

And therefore,

$\frac{v_2}{v_1}$

So, the speed of light in the second medium is smaller than the speed of light in the first medium: this occurs only in option C), which is therefore the correct choice.

Learn more about refraction:

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