<span>sotonic Solution. Isotonic-no water movement across the cell membrane since the concentration of ions are farily equal in and out of the cell. Hypertonic-a condition where cell loose it water content and ultimately plasmolyze due to the higher ionic concentration outside the cell than inside.
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Answer:
d. The cell begins to elongate and the two poles have an equivalent collection of chromosomes.
Explanation:
The cell cycle is a fundamental cellular process by which a parent cell divides into two or more daughter cells. In somatic cells, this cycle can be divided into two major phases: interphase, where the cell prepares for its division, and mitosis or 'M phase'. The M phase can in turn be divided into four stages: 1-prophase (also divided into early prophase and prometaphase), 2-metaphase, 3-anaphase, and 4-telophase. During prophase, chromatin condenses, thereby forming visible chromosomes. Subsequently, during metaphase, the sister chromatids (i.e., the two identical halves of a single replicated chromosome) align along the middle of the cell at the metaphase plate by attaching their centromeres to the spindle fibers. Next, during anaphase, sister chromatids are separated and move to opposite poles of the cell, pulled by the mitotic spindle fibers. At the end of anaphase, the microtubules of the mitotic spindle pull the two sister chromatids toward opposite poles, thereby the cell gets begins to lengthen. Finally, during the telophase, daughter chromosomes arrive at opposite poles and uncoil, while daughter nuclei begin to form at the two poles and nuclear envelopes are formed.
Answer:
Erosion is the geological process in which earthen materials are worn away and transported by natural forces such as wind or water.
Answer:
The correct answer will be -
1. ATP production- Thylakoid membrane
2. Activated carrier- NADPH.
Explanation:
The photosynthesis reactions take place in the chloroplast which is divided into three membranes: outer, inner and thylakoid membrane. The light-dependent reactions take place in the thylakoid membrane which helps in the production of ATP molecules along with the activated carrier molecule called NADPH.
The ATP molecule is synthesized by the ATP synthase enzyme located in the thylakoid membrane where electron transport chain produces a gradient of protons. These protons help in the production of ATP synthesis explained through the chemi-osmotic model.
Thus, the Thylakoid membrane and the NADPH are the correct answer.
