Answer: the effective design stiffness required to limit the bumper maximum deflection during impact to 4 cm is 3906250 N/m
Explanation:
Given that;
mass of vehicle m = 1000 kg
for a low speed test; V = 2.5 m/s
bumper maximum deflection = 4 cm = 0.04 m
First we determine the energy of the vehicle just prior to impact;
W_v = 1/2mv²
we substitute
W_v = 1/2 × 1000 × (2.5)²
W_v = 3125 J
now, the the effective design stiffness k will be:
at the impact point, energy of the vehicle converts to elastic potential energy of the bumper;
hence;
W_v = 1/2kx²
we substitute
3125 = 1/2 × k (0.04)²
3125 = 0.0008k
k = 3125 / 0.0008
k = 3906250 N/m
Therefore, the effective design stiffness required to limit the bumper maximum deflection during impact to 4 cm is 3906250 N/m
To solve this problem we will apply the concepts related to the Electrostatic Force given by Coulomb's law. This force can be mathematically described as

Here
k = Coulomb's Constant
Charge of each object
d = Distance
Our values are given as,


d = 1 m
a) The electric force on charge
is


Force is positive i.e. repulsive
b) As the force exerted on
will be equal to that act on
,


Force is positive i.e. repulsive
c) If
, a negative sign will be introduced into the expression above i.e.


Force is negative i.e. attractive
Answer:
Newton's third law of motion states that for every action, there is equal and opposite reaction.
While space walking, when the astronaut gets detached from the space ship, she floats in space holding a wrench. In order to get back to the spaceship, she should throw the wrench in the opposite direction of the spaceship. This action would cause a reaction on her own body and she would be pushed away from the wrench and towards the spaceship. Thus, she can return back to the spaceship in this way.
Hey :)
The water potential of pure water<span> in an open container is zero because there is no solute and the pressure in the container is zero</span>